北京大学学报(医学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 623-627. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2019.04.004
Xiao-peng ZHANG,Zi-xiong HUANG,Lu-ping YU,Xiao-wei ZHANG,Qing LI,Shi-jun LIU,Tao XU()
摘要:
目的:分析肿瘤最大径≤4 cm的小肾细胞癌患者的临床与病理特征,进一步了解其发生特点及影响术后复发、进展的因素。方法:采用分层抽样法选择肾细胞癌患者200例进行回顾性分析,收集患者的一般状况、肿瘤特征、肾细胞癌病灶的病理特征(含镜下特征)。按肾肿瘤病灶最大径将患者分组,使用单因素分析比较各组间患者肿瘤分期、分级与镜下病理特征间的差异,采用二元多因素Logistic回归方法分析小肾细胞癌患者肿瘤进展及与预后相关的因素。结果:200例肾细胞癌患者中127例患者的肿瘤最大径≤4 cm,病理亚型以肾透明细胞癌为主。随着肿瘤最大径增加,患者出现更高的T分期(P<0.01)、更高的WHO/国际泌尿病理学会(International Society of Urological Pathology,ISUP)分级(P<0.05), 淋巴结转移概率显著升高(P<0.01)。肿瘤最大径≤4 cm时,患者也可出现肿瘤侵犯肾周脂肪、肾窦,肿瘤分级升高(≥3级)及同时性肺转移。肿瘤最大径>4 cm且≤7 cm的肾细胞癌患者出现脉管内癌栓(9.3% vs. 0)、肿瘤坏死(27.8% vs. 5.5%)的比例显著高于肿瘤最大径≤4 cm的患者(P<0.01)。以肿瘤最大径2 cm作为分界点对小肾细胞癌患者行亚组分析,最大径>2 cm且≤4 cm的肿瘤与最大径≤2 cm的肿瘤相比,出现肿瘤内出血(44.7% vs. 23%,P<0.05)、坏死(8.2% vs. 0,P=0.095)的患者更多。Logistic回归分析提示,透明细胞癌出现肿瘤侵犯肾被膜的概率高于其他亚型小肾细胞癌(OR=5.15,95%CI:1.36~19.52), 肿瘤内部坏死的小肾细胞癌周围更有可能出现假包膜(OR=14.90,95%CI:1.41~157.50),肿瘤最大径增加会使出现高级别(≥3级)肾细胞癌的概率增加(OR=3.49,95%CI:1.11~10.93)。结论:小肾细胞癌(≤4 cm)整体病理分期、分级较低,但可能出现肾外侵犯及同时性远处转移(synchronous metastasis)现象。肿瘤内部出血、坏死,组织学亚型为透明细胞癌的肿瘤可能影响肿瘤侵犯肾被膜、肿瘤周围出现假包膜等病理特征的发生概率,可以作为进一步区分小肾细胞癌肿瘤学行为、评估预后的因素。
中图分类号:
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