北京大学学报(医学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 769-774. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2019.04.031
许力1,胡明洁2,李玉玉1,屈洪党1,钱伟东1,刘晓林1,△()
Li XU1,Ming-jie HU2,Yu-yu LI1,Hong-dang QU1,Wei-dong QIAN1,Xiao-lin LIU1,△()
摘要:
中枢神经系统表面铁沉积症(superficial siderosis of the central nervous system, SSCNS)是由于慢性反复性出血进入脑脊液而导致过多的铁沉积在脑干、小脑、脊髓乃至部分脑神经表面所致的神经系统损害,较为罕见,肿瘤是出血源之一。目前国内在其诊治方面存在以下不足:认识较晚,诊断病例较少,长期随访资料匮乏,病因诊断不够重视,漏诊率较高,治疗水平较国外存在较大差距。SSCNS典型临床表现为:双侧进行性神经性耳聋、小脑共济失调和锥体束征阳性,称为SSCNS三联征,但同时具备三联征的患者较少,给及时诊断带来一定困难。MRI对确诊该病有重要意义,铁沉积在小脑、脑干、脊髓等表面呈特征性线状低信号,SE-T2WI呈细线条,GE-T2WI及磁敏感加权成像序列(susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)呈显著粗线条。唯一有效的治疗方法是确定出血源并清除,MRI检查同样有助于寻找出血源,因此,如果考虑SSCNS,必须进行脑、脊柱MRI检查以寻找病因。本文报道1例37岁男性SSCNS患者,临床主要表现为共济失调、神经性耳聋和嗅觉减退,MRI表现有典型的中枢神经系统表面T2加权低信号,病因追查发现脊髓下端及马尾、终丝部巨大占位病变,经手术切除并组织病理学检查提示黏液乳头型室管膜瘤(myxopapillary ependymoma,MPE)。结合文献复习探讨了MPE继发SSCNS的机制,并对SSCNS的病因、临床表现、诊断以及治疗进行综述,以提高临床医师对该病的认识及诊断水平,尤其强调对该病病因的查找有利于治疗方案的准确制定。
中图分类号:
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