北京某高校医学院师生营养知信行水平及其影响因素

doi:10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.05.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的:了解北京某高校医学院在校师生膳食营养知识、态度及行为情况并探究其影响因素,为改善师生营养观念、开展学校营养教育工作提供依据。方法:以北京某高校医学院在职教师,一、二年级硕士研究生,一、二年级博士研究生和一至三年级本科生为研究对象,采用等比例分层整群抽样的方法抽取师生样本,以电子问卷方式进行调查。组间均数比较采用t检验或方差分析,采用多元线性回归分析营养知识、态度及行为(knowledge, attitude and practice,KAP)评分影响因素。结果:北京某高校医学院师生营养知识平均得分为(5.7±1.5)分;营养知识知晓率为57.3%。营养态度平均得分为(8.3±3.0)分;营养行为平均得分为(5.1±2.0)分。总体营养KAP平均得分为(19.1±4.6)分。其中教师得分(19.9±5.2)高于学生得分(18.9±4.5),女性得分(19.5±4.5)高于男性得分(18.4±4.5),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);博士研究生的营养态度、营养行为得分及KAP总分均高于本科生及硕士研究生(P<0.01)。结论:北京某高校医学院在校师生营养态度较为端正,营养知识有待进一步加强,在营养行为上尚有一些不合理之处。性别、身份、学位是影响营养知信行得分的主要影响因素。学校应积极开展营养教育宣传,提高师生营养知识,纠正不良饮食习惯,助力健康中国行动建设。

关键词: 营养状况, 营养知识, 态度, 行为, 膳食习惯, 高校师生

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate nutritional knowledge, attitudes and dietary behaviors of teachers and students in a medical college in Beijing and their influencine factors, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and promotion. Methods: The subjects of this study were teachers, as well as first-year and second-year graduate students, and first-year to third-year undergraduate students. The teachers and students were respectively sampled by stratified cluster sampling with equal proportion. t-test or ANOVA was used to compare the means between the groups, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) score. Results: The average score of nutrition knowledge was 5.7±1.5. The knowledge rate of nutrition was 57.3%. The average score of nutritional attitudes was 8.3±3.0. The mean nutritional behavior score was 5.1±2.0. The average nutritional KAP score was 19.1±4.6, with the teachers 19.9±5.2 higher than the students 18.9±4.5; the female 19.5±4.5 higher than the male 18.4±4.5; All the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of nutritional attitudes, nutritional behavior and total KAP scores of doctoral students were significantly higher than those of the undergraduate and postgraduate students (P<0.01). Conclusion: The nutrition attitudes of teachers and students is relatively correct, the nutrition knowledge needs to be further strengthened, and there are some unreasonable aspects in the nutrition behaviors. Gender, identity and degree are the main influencing factors of the nutrition score of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. It is necessary to carry out nutritional education in schools to improve the nutrition knowledge of teachers and students, correct bad eating habits, and promote the construction of healthy China action.

Key words: Nutritional status, Nutritional knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, Diet habits, College teachers and students

中图分类号:

R151.4+2

王双佳,王婷婷,王军波. 北京某高校医学院师生营养知信行水平及其影响因素[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2020, 52(5): 881-885.

Shuang-jia WANG,Ting-ting WANG,Jun-bo WANG. Nutritional knowledge, attitudes and dietary behaviors of teachers and students in a medical college in Beijing and their influencing factors[J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2020, 52(5): 881-885.

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Nutrition knowledge	Number of teachers and students answered correctly	Correct nutri- tion-related knowledge rate/%	Number of teachers answered correctly	Correct nutri- tion-related knowledge rate/%	Number of students answered correctly	Correct nutrition-related knowledge rate/%
Do you know Chinese Dietary Guidelines	478	57.00	68	44.44	410	59.77
The main types of food intake of Chinese Residents	727	86.60	120	78.43	607	88.48
Adult’s daily intake of salt/g	278	42.50	57	45.97	221	41.70
Adult’s daily intake of cooking oil/g	281	33.50	52	34.00	229	33.38
Energy supply ratio of three meals a day	648	86.10	115	85.19	533	86.25
The main food source of vitamin C in human body	807	96.20	142	92.81	665	96.94
Vitamins that may be lacking in night blindness	685	81.60	103	67.32	582	84.84
The main nutrients in milk and other dairy products	569	67.80	82	53.59	487	70.99
The main source of energy required by the human body	741	88.30	110	71.90	631	91.98
The right amount of water for adults to drink per day	239	28.50	39	25.49	200	29.15

Identity	n	Knowledge score	Attitude score	Behavior score	Total KAP score
Teacher	153	5.0±1.7	8.6±3.4	6.3±1.7	19.9±5.2
Student	686	5.9±1.5	8.2±2.9	4.8±1.9	18.9±4.5
t	-	-6.06	1.33	8.32	2.20
P	-	<0.01	0.18	<0.01	0.03

Grade	n	Knowledge score	Attitude score	Behavior score	Total KAP score
Undergraduate	357	5.8±1.4	7.9±3.0	4.6±2.0	18.3±4.7
Freshman	103	5.6±1.4	8.2±2.9	4.5±2.2	18.4±4.7
Sophomore	139	5.9±1.3	7.5±3.2	4.9±2.0	18.2±4.7
Junior	115	5.9±1.4	8.0±2.8	4.4±1.9	18.3±4.6
Master's degree	163	5.9±1.6	8.3±3.1	4.8±1.8	19.0±4.6
First year master	89	6.1±1.6	8.5±2.6	4.8±1.9	19.4±4.4
Second year master	74	5.5±1.6	8.1±3.6	4.9±1.7	18.5±4.9
Doctor’s degree	98	6.1±1.5	8.9±2.4^*#	5.2±1.8^*#	20.2±3.6^*#
First year doctor	55	5.9±1.3	8.8±2.7	5.3±1.8	20.0±3.6
Second year doctor	43	5.5±1.7	9.5±1.8	5.3±1.9	20.4±3.6
Third year doctor	68	6.5±1.4	8.6±2.4	5.0±1.8	20.2±3.5
F		1.9	7.1	5.1	10.2
P		>0.05	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Mean square		2.1	8.4	3.8	19.5