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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (1): 94-100. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2023.01.014

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Research on friction and wear behaviors of silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics

Wei-wei LI,Hu CHEN,Yong WANG,Yu-chun SUN*()   

  1. Center of Digital Dentistry, Faculty of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2022-10-11 Online:2023-02-18 Published:2023-01-31
  • Contact: Yu-chun SUN E-mail:kqsyc@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52035001);Capital's Training Project for Science and Technology Leading Talents(Z191100006119022);Peking University Medicine Fund for World's Leading Discipline or Discipline Cluster Development(BMU2022XKQ003)

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Abstract:

Objective: To study microstructure, friction and wear behaviors of silicon-lithium spray coating on the surface of zirconia ceramics and to preliminarily evaluate its esthetic so as to provide support and guidance for the clinical application. Methods: Zirconia ceramic specimens were randomly divided into three groups: coating group (two subgroups), polishing group (two subgroups), and glazing group (four subgroups), with 10 samples in each subgroup. The two subgroups of coating group were the zirconia ceramics with the untreated and preliminary polishing surfaces sprayed with silicon-lithium coating, respectively. The two subgroups of polishing group were preliminary polishing and fine polishing of zirconia ceramics, respectively. The four subgroups of glazing group were preliminarily polished zirconia ceramics glazed with Biomic and Stain/Glaze products, respectively; and untreated zirconia ceramics glazed with Biomic and Stain/Glaze products, respectively. The above 8 subgroups of zirconia ceramic specimens were used as friction pairs with 80 steatite ceramics for 50 000 chewing cycles under 50 N vertical load and artificial saliva lubrication using chewing simulation. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of the surface and section of the coating group, and the thickness of the coating and glazing were measured. The linear roughness of the coating and polishing groups was mea-sured using a laser confocal scanning microscope. Vickers hardness was measured using a microhardness tester and the esthetic of zirconia ceramic full crown sprayed with silicon-lithium coating was preliminarily evaluated. White light interferometer was used to measure the width, the maximum depth and the volume of the wear scars of each group, and the wear depth of steatite ceramics and wear rate of zirconia ceramic specimens were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and Dunn's multiple comparisons test were used to analyze the wear depth of each group (α=0.05). Results: The microstructures of the silica-lithium spray coatings on the untreated and preliminarily polished zirconia ceramic surfaces showed the protruding defects, and the line roughness of coating group was larger than that of the polishing group. The median thickness of the silica-lithium spray coating on the preliminarily polished zirconia ceramic was 13.0 μm (interquartile range, IQR: 11.6, 17.9), while that of the silica-lithium spray coating on the untreated zirconia ceramic was 4.4 μm (IQR: 4.1, 4.7). The Vickers hardness and wear rate of the coating group were between the polishing group and the glazing group. The wear depths of the wear scars of steatite ceramics were the glazing group, coating group, and polishing group in descending order, and there was statistically significant difference between glazing and polishing groups (P < 0.05). With the increase of polishing procedure, the wear depth of steatite ceramics decreased in each subgroups. The orders of maximum depth and volume of wear scars of zirconia ceramic were the glazing group, coating group, and polishing group in descending order, and there was statistically significant difference in the maximum depth of wear scars between glazing and polishing groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The silica-lithium spray coating on the zirconia ceramic, can be used as a new method for zirconia ceramic surface treatment, because it can increase the esthetic of zirconia ceramics compared with polishing and reduce the wear of steatite ceramics compared with glazing.

Key words: Zirconia ceramics, Surface treatment, Silicon-lithium spray coating, Friction and wear behaviors

CLC Number: 

  • R781.0

Figure 1

Microstructure of silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics A, B, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish (A ×500; B ×5 000); C, D, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics without treatment (C ×500; D ×5 000). Red arrows show the protruding defects."

Figure 2

Microstructure of fracture surface of silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics A, B, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish (A ×1 000; B ×5 000); C, D, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics without treatment(C ×1 000; D ×5 000)."

Figure 3

Microstructure of fracture surface of zirconia ceramics with glazing A, glazing on zirconia ceramics without treatment using biomic product; B, glazing on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish using biomic product; C, glazing on zirconia ceramics without treatment using Stain/Glaze product; D, glazing on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish using Stain/Glaze product."

Figure 4

Linear roughness of zirconia under different treatments P-layer, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish; Layer, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics without treatment; P, zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish; P-P, zirconia ceramics under fine polish; Blank, zirconia ceramics without treatment."

Figure 5

Vickers hardness of zirconia ceramics under different surface treatments P-layer, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish; Layer, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics without treatment; P, zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish; P-P, zirconia ceramics under fine polish; Biomic, glazing on zirconia ceramics without treatment using biomic product; P-biomic, glazing on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish using biomic product; SG, glazing on zirconia ceramics without treatment using Stain/Glaze product; P-SG, glazing on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish using Stain/Glaze product."

Figure 6

Wear depth of steatite and zirconia under different surface treatments P-layer, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish; Layer, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics without treatment; P, zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish; P-P, zirconia ceramics under fine polish; Biomic, glazing on zirconia ceramics without treatment using biomic product; P-biomic, glazing on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish using biomic product; SG, glazing on zirconia ceramics without treatment using Stain/Glaze product; P-SG, glazing on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish using Stain/Glaze product."

Figure 7

Microstructure of wear scars of zirconia under different surface treatments A, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish; B, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics without treatment; C, zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish; D, zirconia ceramics under fine polish; E, glazing on zirconia ceramics without treatment using biomic product; F, glazing on zirconia ceramics under preli-minary polish using biomic product; G, glazing on zirconia ceramics without treatment using Stain/Glaze product; H, glazing on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish using Stain/Glaze product."

Figure 8

Wear rate of zirconia ceramics under different treatments P-layer, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish; Layer, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics without treatment; P, zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish; P-P, zirconia ceramics under fine polish; Biomic, glazing on zirconia ceramics without treatment using biomic product; P-biomic, glazing on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish using biomic product; SG, glazing on zirconia ceramics without treatment using Stain/Glaze product; P-SG, glazing on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish using Stain/Glaze product."

Figure 9

Zirconia ceramic full crowns with four different surface treatments A, zirconia ceramics under fine polish; B, silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish; C, glazing on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish using Stain/Glaze product; D, glazing on zirconia ceramics under preliminary polish using Biomic product."

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