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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 1014-1022. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.06.005

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Clinical characteristics and biological treatment of adult patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Shi-xiong WEI1,2,Shu-jia LI1,2,Yi LIU1,2,△()   

  1. 1. Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041,China
    2. West China Clinical Medical College of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
  • Received:2020-04-27 Online:2020-12-18 Published:2020-12-13
  • Contact: Yi LIU E-mail:yi2006liu@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0906201);“1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence”, West China Hospital, Sichuan University

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Abstract:

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and biological treatment of juvenile Idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after adulthood. Methods: Selected 358 patients with previous medical history diagnosed by JIA who were hospitalized in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 1, 2009 to January 1, 2019. Perform retrospective analysis of basic information, clinical symptoms, diagnostic indicators, treatment plans, outpatient follow-up (inpatients require outpatient follow-up treatment) and diagnosis and treatment process of 90 eligible cases included, and observe different ages and different courses of disease. The clinical characteristics of young and middle-aged idiopathic arthritis in adults and the outpatient situation of using biological agents for 6 months. Results: According to age, they were divided into ≤26 years old group (42 cases) and >26 years old group (48 cases). Under examination [rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-neutrophil antibody (ANCA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), hemoglobin (HGB), white blood cell count (WBC), human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27), complement 3 (C3), etc.], concurrent in terms of symptoms, treatment and prognosis, the ≤26-year-old group was generally lighter than the >26-year-old group; that was, the older the age, the heavier the onset of inflammation and other symptoms, the more complications, the worse the treatment effect, and the worse the prognosis, and there were statistical differences academic significance (P<0.05). According to the course of disease, they were divided into ≤19 years group (46 cases) and >19 years group (44 cases). In terms of examination (RF, ANA, ANCA, ESR, CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, HGB, HLA-B27, C3, etc.), complications, treatment and prognosis, the course of disease ≤19 years group was compared with the disease course> 19 years group Overall mild; that was, the longer the course of the disease, the more severe the onset of symptoms such as inflammation, the more complications, the worse the treatment effect, and the worse the prognosis, P<0.05, the difference was statistically significant. After 6 months of outpatient treatment with biological agents, it was found that biological agents could improve some of the patients’ clinical symptoms and delay the further development of the disease. Compared with the non-biological agent treatment group (48 cases), the biological agent group (42 cases) benefited, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Through retrospective analysis, this article believes that although adult JIA is diagnosed as connective tissue disease, it has special clinical characteristics with the course of the disease and age. Therefore, it should be recommended to give special attention to JIA patients after adulthood, require regular medical treatment in the adult rheumatology department, according to the corresponding connective tissue disease or JIA diagnosis, and standard treatment; at the same time, pay attention to the history of JIA. In the comparison of biological and non-biological treatment, it is proved that biological treatment can effectively improve some of the clinical symptoms of JIA patients after adulthood. Therefore, it is recommended that biological treatment be used as soon as possible if economic conditions permit to delay the development of the disease.

Key words: Adults, Department of rheumatology and immunology, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Clinical features, Connective tissue diseases

CLC Number: 

  • R593

Table 1

clinical characteristics of patients of different ages"

Clinical features ≤26 years >26 years P
Cases, n(%) 52 (57.78) 38 (42.22) -
Female, n(%) 27 (51.92) 32 (84.21) -
Male, n(%) 25 (48.08) 6 (15.79) -
Disease duration/years, x-±s 14.35 ± 6.09 23.22±6.28 0.436
Medical check(+)
RF/(IU/mL), x-±s 63.33±25.44 69.12±28.21 <0.05*
ANA(+/-), n(%) 17 (32.69) 14 (36.84) -
ANCA(+/-), n(%) 12 (20.69) 9 (23.68) -
ESR/(mm/h), x-±s 77.42±28.23 79.71±31.22 <0.05*
CRP/(mg/L), x-±s 23.57±7.58 27.59±3.46 <0.05*
IL-1β/(ng/L), x-±s 17.35±5.45 19.55±7.32 <0.05*
IL-6/(ng/L), x-±s 1.472±0.212 1.379±0.293 0.172
HGB/(g/L), x-±s 97.38±19.86 93.26±21.50 0.420
WBC/(×109/L), x-±s 13.83±4.58 12.37±2.68 0.356
HLA-B27(+/-), n(%) 7 (13.46) 15 (39.47) -
C3/(g/L), x-±s 0.514±0.210 0.496±0.257 <0.05*
Abnormal X and CT images of joints, n(%) 52 (100.00) 38 (100.00) -
Treatment (In hospital)
NSAIDs treatment, n(%) 5 (100.00) 0 -
Biological agent treatment, n(%) 17 (40.48) 25 (59.52) -
Hormone therapy, n(%) 14 (38.89) 22 (61.11) -
Immunosuppressive therapy, n(%) 9 (60.00) 6 (40.00) -
Other treatment, n(%) 0 3 (100.00) -
Pay a return visit
DAS28, x-±s 3.58±1.75 4.67±1.50 <0.05*
SF-36, x-±s 83.78±11.51 91.35±10.52 <0.01*
JADI-A, x-±s 7.28±2.58 7.89±3.15 <0.05*
JADI-E, x-±s 3.93±1.65 4.82±2.12 <0.05*
Number of complications, x-±s 6.52±1.76 7.97±2.53 <0.05*

Table 2

Clinical characteristics of patients with different disease courses"

Clinical features ≤19 years >19 years P
Age/years, x-±s 20.42±7.61 25.35±8.53 0.723
Female, n(%) 27 (51.92) 32 (61.54) -
Male, n(%) 19 (61.29) 12 (38.71) -
Cases, n(%) 46 (51.11) 44 (48.89) -
Medical check(+)
RF/(IU/mL), x-±s 61.53±24.35 72.39±23.18 <0.01*
ANA(+/-), n(%) 18 (39.13) 13 (29.55) -
ANCA(+/-), n(%) 13 (28.26) 8 (18.18) -
ESR/(mm/h), x-±s 75.37±24.41 82.56±23.87 <0.05*
CRP/(mg/L), x-±s 23.85±6.78 29.52±5.61 <0.05*
IL-1β/(ng/L), x-±s 18.23±4.75 19.33±5.32 0.046
IL-6/(ng/L), x-±s 1.517±0.179 1.254±0.288 0.058
HGB/(g/L), x-±s 99.54±17.53 90.11±19.44 <0.05*
WBC/(×109/L), x-±s 12.64±4.13 13.43±5.56 0.063
HLA-B27(+/-), n(%) 14 (30.43) 8 (18.18) -
C3/(g/L), x-±s 0.565±0.177 0.460±0.233 <0.05*
Abnormal X and CT images of joints, n(%) 46 (100.00) 44 (100.00) -
Treatment (In hospital)
NSAIDs Treatment, n(%) 4 (80.00) 1 (20.00) -
Biological agent treatment, n(%) 14 (33.33) 28 (66.67) -
Hormone therapy, n(%) 15 (41.67) 21 (58.33) -
Immunosuppressive therapy, n(%) 7 (46.67) 8 (53.33) -
Other treatment, n(%) 0 (-) 3 (100.00) -
Pay a return visit
DAS28, x-±s 3.25±1.79 5.01±1.99 <0.01*
SF-36, x-±s 85.53±12.34 90.01±11.56 <0.05*
JADI-A, x-±s 6.79±1.39 8.21±2.14 <0.01*
JADI-E, x-±s 3.76±1.13 4.15±0.93 <0.05*
Number of complications, x-±s 5.64±1.57 8.07±1.35 <0.01*

Table 3

Baseline characteristics according to treatment group"

Demographic/clinical characteristics Biological agents treatment group (n=42) Non-biological agents treatment group (n=48)
Age/years, x-±s 24.75±5.32 22.53±6.31
Female, n(%) 27 (64.29) 32 (66.67)
Course of the disease/years, x-±s 22.17±7.25 20.54±7.85
Previously took DMARDs, n(%) 42 (100.00) 48 (100.00)
Taking corticosteroids, n(%) 42 (100.00) 48 (100.00)
Taking immunosuppressants, n(%) 42 (100.00) 48 (100.00)
CRP/(mg/L),x-±s 25.40±6.67 26.22±7.18
RF/(IU/mL),x-±s 63.26±24.78 63.88±25.15
ANA(+), n(%) 35.71 33.33
ANCA(+), n(%) 26.19 20.83
ESR/(mm/h), x-±s 76.53+29.10 77.13±28.48
IL-1β/(ng/L), x-±s 18.41±7.32 17.54±6.57
IL-6/(ng/L), x-±s 1.531±0.214 1.41±0.274
HGB/(g/L), x-±s 96.40±20.21 92.82±23.31
WBC/(×109/L), x-±s 14.38±4.19 14.01±5.45
Radiographic progression/units 0 0
DAS28, x-±s 5.23±1.39 4.57±1.86
SF-36, x-±s 97.30±14.25 94.04±12.45
JADI-A, x-±s 8.05±2.54 7.75±2.63
JADI-E, x-±s 4.01±0.94 3.35±1.21

Table 4

Clinical characteristics after 6 months of treatment"

Clinical features Biological agents treatment group
6 months after treatment (n=42)		 Non-Biological agents treatment group
6 months after treatment (n=48)
CRP/(mg/L), x-±s 9.52±5.51 24.57±8.62#
RF/(IU/mL), x-±s 27.64±18.34 57.50±23.32#
ANA(+)/% 9.52 12.50
ANCA(+)/% 14.29 14.58
ESR/(mm/h), x-±s 30.58±16.43 69.22±26.30#
IL-1β/(ng/L), x-±s 8.33±7.32 17.35±6.27#
IL-6/(ng/L), x-±s 0.934±0.444 0.937±0.572
HGB/(g/L), x-±s 113.62±14.16 96.23±24.45#
WBC/(109 /L), x-±s 10.25±2.47 12.35±3.73
Radiographic progression: first month, second months, third months, fourth months, fifth months, sixth month 0.56, 0.82, 0.89, 1.11, 1.17, 1.19 0.58, 0.95, 1.42, 1.85, 2.01, 2.39#
DAS28, x-±s 2.95±1.21 4.31±1.45#
SF136, x-±s 103.86±11.43 97.30±12.96#
JADI-A, x-±s 6.55±1.87 6.41±2.02
JADI-E, x-±s 3.18±1.02 2.92±1.53
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