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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 593-599. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2023.04.004

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Assessment of prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese primary and secondary school students and analysis of policy effect during the period of the Program for the Development of Chinese Children 2011-2020

Xiao-jin YAN,Yun-fei LIU,Ning MA,Jia-jia DANG,Jing-shu ZHANG,Pan-liang ZHONG,Pei-jin HU,Yi SONG*(),Jun MA   

  1. Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2021-01-18 Online:2023-08-18 Published:2023-08-03
  • Contact: Yi SONG E-mail:songyi@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund of the Ministry of Education, People' s Republic of China(19YJA890022)

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Abstract:

Objective: To evaluate the change of prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese primary and secondary school students and to analyze the policy effect during the period of the Program for the Development of Chinese Children 2011-2020 (PDCC 2011-2020). Methods: The data of Chinese students aged 7 to 18 years were extracted from 8 successive cross-sectional surveys of the Chinese National Survey on Students ' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) from 1985 to 2019. Malnutrition of students was evaluated according to the screening standard for malnutrition of school-age children and adolescents. The changes of prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students were described by gender, urban and rural areas, age group and province, from 2010 to 2019. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trajectory of the prevalence of malnutrition among students aged 7 to 18 years from 1985 to 2019, so as to evaluate the policy effect of the PDCC 2011-2020. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in China decreased from 12.7% in 2010 to 8.5% in 2019. The prevalence of malnutrition among boys and girls, urban and rural students, and students of all age groups showed a continuous downward trend (Ptrend < 0.001) from 2010 to 2019. From 2010 to 2019, 27 of the 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) saw a significant decrease in the prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students. Joinpoint regression model showed that the prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese primary and secondary school students continued to decline from 1985 to 2019, but 2010 was the turning point in the downward trend. From 1985 to 2010, the prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students decreased by an average of 2.4% per year (95%CI: 1.9%-2.8%, P < 0.001), and the downward trend accelerated after 2010, with an average annual decline of 4.3% (95%CI: 2.4%-6.2%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in China continued to decline from 2010 to 2019, achieving the goal of controlling the prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in the PDCC 2011-2020. The PDCC 2011-2020 may have played an important role in improving the malnutrition among primary and secondary school students. However, the problem of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students still exists, and it is still necessary to adhere to the coverage and financial support of the nutrition improvement plan in areas with high incidence of malnutrition.

Key words: Primary and secondary school students, Malnutrition, Program for the Development of Chinese Children, Trend, Policy effect

CLC Number: 

  • R153.2

Table 1

Sample sizes of Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health at each survey year"

Items 1985 1991 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2019
Total, n 407 692 140 195 204 393 214 003 231 898 217 922 216 372 212 327
Gender, n (%)
   Boys 203 887 (50.0) 70 398 (50.2) 102 804 (50.3) 107 075 (50.0) 116 573 (50.3) 108 968 (50.0) 108 230 (50.0) 106 508 (50.2)
   Girls 203 805 (50.0) 69 797 (49.8) 101 589 (49.7) 106 928 (50.0) 115 325 (49.7) 108 954 (50.0) 108 142 (50.0) 105 819 (49.8)
Area, n (%)
   Urban 204 436 (50.1) 70 394 (50.2) 103 633 (50.7) 107 568 (50.3) 116 700 (50.3) 109 974 (50.5) 109 457 (50.6) 107 579 (50.7)
   Rural 203 256 (49.9) 69 801 (49.8) 100 760 (49.3) 106 435 (49.7) 115 198 (49.7) 107 948 (49.5) 106 915 (49.4) 104 748 (49.3)
Age/years, n (%)
   7-12 203 872 (50.0) 70 023 (49.9) 101 073 (49.5) 108 017 (50.5) 116 366 (50.2) 109 098 (50.1) 108 686 (50.2) 108 976 (51.3)
   13-15 102 148 (25.1) 35 034 (25.0) 51 850 (25.4) 53 692 (25.1) 58 368 (25.2) 54 539 (25.0) 54 466 (25.2) 53 946 (25.4)
   16-18 101 672 (24.9) 35 138 (25.1) 51 470 (25.2) 52 294 (24.4) 57 164 (24.7) 54 285 (24.9) 53 220 (24.6) 49 405 (23.3)
Region, n (%)
   East 145 917 (35.8) 52 981 (37.8) 79 735 (39.0) 89 202 (41.7) 86 126 (37.1) 78 919 (36.2) 78 228 (36.2) 77 844 (36.7)
   Middle 116 253 (28.5) 37 751 (26.9) 58 516 (28.6) 57 179 (26.7) 58 073 (25.0) 57 483 (26.4) 57 345 (26.5) 55 694 (26.2)
  West 145 522 (35.7) 49 463 (35.3) 66 142 (32.4) 67 622 (31.6) 87 699 (37.8) 81 520 (37.4) 80 799 (37.3) 78 789 (37.1)

Figure 1

Prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese primary and secondary school students from 2010 to 2019"

Figure 2

Changes in prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in provinces from 2010 to 2019 (%)"

Figure 3

Joinpoint regression analysis on prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese primary and secondary school students from 1985 to 2019 * Indicates that the annual percent change (APC) is significantly different from zero at the alpha=0.05 level. The join point is at the black circle of the dotted line."

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