Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 411-417. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2024.03.006

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Comparative research on the relationship between body mass index and physical fitness index among the Uygur, Kazakh and Han ethnic college students

Weimin LI1,2,Zufeiya TUERDI2,*()   

  1. 1. College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
    2. Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
  • Received:2023-01-04 Online:2024-06-18 Published:2024-06-12
  • Contact: Zufeiya TUERDI E-mail:Zufeiya1978@126.com
  • Supported by:
    the Natural Science Foundation in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021D01A121)

RICH HTML

  

Abstract:

Objective: To understand the nutritional status and physical fitness of the Uygur, Kazak and Han ethnic college students, and to investigate the nonlinear relationship between BMI and physical fitness indexes in different ethnic groups. Methods: A total of 3 600 Uygur, Kazakh and Han students majoring in non-sports in a university in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2021 were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method. Height, weight, vital capacity, 50 m running, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, sit-up/pull-up and endurance running were measured. Body mass index (BMI), standardized Z score of each test score and physical fitness index (PFI) were calculated. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test, single factor analysis of variance, and nonlinear quadratic regression. Results: Prevalences of overweight (16.00%) and obesity (8.08%) of the Han college students were significantly higher than those of the Uygur (11.83% and 4.08%) and Kazakh (13.58% and 4.58%). Prevalence of low weight in the Uygur (11.92%) was the highest, and the lowest was the Kazakh (9.75%). There were significant differences in the prevalence of BMI classification among the three ethnic groups boys and girls (all P < 0.05). There were significant differences in PFI among college students of different BMI levels in the Uygur, Kazakh and Han ethnic college students (all P < 0.05), and the PFI of normal weight group was higher than the other weight groups in general, and the overweight group was higher than the obese group, but some ethnics showed the highest PFI in the low weight group. The non-linear quadratic regression results showed that the curves of the Uygur boys and girls and the Kazakh boys were inverted "J" shaped, and the PFI increased and then decreased with the increase of BMI, while the rest of the curves were arc-shaped, and the PFI decreased with the increase of BMI. Conclusion: Overweight obesity in the Uygur, Kazakh and Han ethnic college students brings about a decrease in physical fitness, but Kazakh low weight male and female and Han low weight grils have better physical fitness than the normal weight groups. Focusing on improving the physical fitness of Uygur low-weight and high-weight boys and Han high-weight girls could effectively reduce the differences in physical fitness of college students in different weight levels and ethnic groups.

Key words: Body mass index, Physical fitness, Uygur, Kazakh, College students

CLC Number: 

  • G804.49

Table 1

Body shapes and composition of the Uygur, Kazakh and Han ethnic college students"

Gender Variables Uygur Kazakh Han
Min Max ${\bar x}$±s Min Max ${\bar x}$±s Min Max ${\bar x}$±s
Male Body height/cm 151.8 190.0 173.2±6.2 153.0 194.3 176.2±6.4 147.0 194.0 173.9±6.0
Body mass/kg 45.0 107.6 65.3±10.1 50.5 115.0 69.1±10.0 46.0 143.0 68.2±13.3
BMI/(kg/m2) 16.4 34.9 21.8±3.0 16.8 35.5 22.2±2.8 15.4 43.4 22.5±4.0
Female Body height/cm 144.4 188.2 159.8±5.5 138.7 185.0 162.4±5.7 143.6 178.0 161.1±5.8
Body mass/kg 36.0 99.6 54.3±8.0 35.9 121.6 57.0±8.5 38.0 122.5 56.5±9.4
BMI/(kg/m2) 14.8 38.4 21.3±2.9 15.5 38.4 21.6±3.1 15.0 40.3 21.8±3.4

Figure 1

BMI distribution histogram of the Uygur, Kazakh and Han ethnic college students A, Uygur 21.52±2.99, n=1 200; B, Kazakh 21.80±3.04, n=1 200; C, Han 22.13±3.70, n=1 200; BMI, body mass index."

Table 2

Nutritional status of male and female college students in the Uygur, Kazakh and Han ethnic ethnic groups"

Nutritional status Boys, n(%) Girls, n(%) Boys and girls comparison
Uygur Kazakh Han Uygur Kazakh Han χ2 P
Underweight 53 (8.33) 17 (4.86) 65 (10.83) 90 (15.00) 100 (11.76) 77 (12.83) 30.12 <0.001
Normal weight 437 (72.83) 257 (73.43) 366 (61.00) 429 (71.50) 608 (71.53) 403 (67.17) 88.57 <0.001
Overweight 80 (13.33) 58 (16.57) 110 (18.33) 62 (10.33) 105 (12.35) 82 (13.67) 19.92 <0.001
Obesity 30 (5.00) 18 (5.14) 59 (9.83) 19 (3.17) 37 (4.35) 38 (6.33) 12.79 <0.01
χ2 33.87 13.52
P <0.001 <0.05

Table 3

Comparison of physical fitness scores of the Uygur, Kazakh and Han ethnic college students in different age groups with different BMI levels"

Gender Ethnicity Underweight Normal weight Overweight Obesity F P
Male Uygur -0.53±2.85 0.31±3.15 -0.54±3.27 -3.52±3.43b 15.040 <0.001
Kazakh 0.92±2.59 0.46±3.49a -1.50±3.33b -2.57±4.38 8.825 <0.001
Han 0.33±3.06 0.75±3.20 -0.97±3.12a -3.21±4.14b 28.763 <0.001
Female Uygur -0.43±3.18 0.21±3.03 -0.51±3.09 -1.23±2.23 2.945 <0.05
Kazakh 0.28±3.28 0.27±3.14 -0.97±3.51a -2.39±4.63b 11.191 <0.001
Han 0.95±2.67 0.09±3.11 -0.71±3.12 -1.26±3.00 6.262 <0.001

Figure 2

Regression curve between PFI and BMI of the Uygur (U), Kazakh (K) and Han (H) ethnic male college students A, linear regression for freshmen; B, linear regression for sophomore; C, linear regression for junior; D, quadratic regression for freshmen; E, quadratic regression for sophomore; F, quadratic regression for junior. RMSE, root mean squared error; PFI, physical fitness indes; BMI, body mass index."

Figure 3

Regression curve between PFI and BMI of the Uygur (U), Kazakh (K) and Han (H) ethnic female college students A, linear regression for freshmen; B, linear regression for sophomore; C, linear regression for junior; D, quadratic regression for freshmen; E, quadratic regression for sophomore; F, quadratic regression for junior. RMSE, root mean squared error; PFI, physical fitness indes; BMI, body mass index."

1 中国学生体质与健康研究组. 2014年全国学生体质与健康调研结果报告[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2016: 11.
2 费夕, 李红娟. 不同BMI筛查标准判别大学生肥胖准确性评价[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40 (3): 423- 425.
3 Li H , Li D , Wang X , et al. The role of dietary patterns and dietary quality on body composition of adolescents in Chinese college[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14 (21): 4544.
doi: 10.3390/nu14214544
4 Vila-Martí A , Elío I , Sumalla-Cano S . Eating behavior during first-year college students, including eating disorders-ruvic-runeat-tac project. protocol of an observational multicentric study[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021, 18 (18): 9457.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189457
5 Miller KG , Hartman JM . Influence of physical activity on weight status during the first year of college[J]. J Am Coll Health, 2020, 68 (3): 258- 262.
doi: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1539398
6 Global BMI Mortality Collaboration , Di Angelantonio E , Bhupathiraju S , et al. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: Individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents[J]. Lancet, 2016, 388 (10046): 776- 786.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30175-1
7 Ackerman SE , Blackburn OA , Marchildon F , et al. Insights into the link between obesity and cancer[J]. Curr Obes Rep, 2017, 6 (2): 195- 203.
doi: 10.1007/s13679-017-0263-x
8 唐慧, 张雪婷, 王翠喆, 等. 中国新疆地区肥胖、糖尿病前期和2型糖尿病检出率及民族分布特征[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2020, 36 (10): 1381- 1389.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2020.10.022
9 Ramírez-Vélez R , Garcia-Hermoso A , Prieto-Benavides DH , et al. Muscle mass to visceral fat ratio is an important predictor of the metabolic syndrome in college students[J]. Br J Nutr, 2019, 121 (3): 330- 339.
doi: 10.1017/S0007114518003392
10 Sugimoto D , Tamura Y , Takeno K , et al. Clinical features of nonobese, apparently healthy, Japanese men with reduced adipose tissue insulin sensitivity[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2019, 104 (6): 2325- 2333.
doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-02190
11 Tang X , Liu S , Chen D , et al. The role of the fat mass and obesity-associated protein in the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells[J]. Oncol Lett, 2019, 17 (2): 2473- 2478.
12 Chen X , Cui J , Zhang Y , et al. The association between BMI and health-related physical fitness among Chinese college students: A cross-sectional study[J]. BMC Public Health, 2020, 20 (1): 444.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08517-8
13 Hallal PC , Andersen LB , Bull FC , et al. Global physical activity levels: Surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects[J]. Lancet, 2012, 380 (9838): 247- 257.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60646-1
14 Wang GL , Zhang R , Zhou YT , et al. Combined effects of a body shape index and serum C-reactive protein on ischemic stroke incidence among Mongolians in China[J]. Biomed Environ Sci, 2019, 32 (3): 169- 176.
15 Vandoni M , Calcaterra V , Carnevale Pellino V , et al. "Fitness and fatness" in children and adolescents: An Italian cross-sectional study[J]. Children (Basel), 2021, 8 (9): 762.
16 Ortega FB , Ruiz JR , Labayen I , et al. The fat but fit paradox: What we know and don't know about it[J]. Br J Sports Med, 2018, 52 (3): 151- 153.
doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097400
17 李占宇, 郑亚莉, 张晓丹. 天津市大学生体重指数与身体素质的关联性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2016, 37 (8): 1190- 1192.
18 Hingorjo MR , Zehra S , Hasan Z , et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and its association with adiposity indices in young adults[J]. Pak J Med Sci, 2017, 33 (3): 659- 664.
19 Huang YC , Malina RM . BMI and health-related physical fitness in Taiwanese youth 9-18 years[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2007, 39 (4): 701- 708.
doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31802f0512
20 张茜, 时凯旋, 王钟音. 大学生体能测试的时间变化趋势及与身体质量指数的关系研究[J]. 中国健康教育, 2022, 38 (1): 56- 61.
21 Sun F , He Q , Sun X , et al. The association between body mass index and muscular fitness in Chinese college freshmen[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19 (21): 14060.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114060
22 McEligot AJ , Mitra S , Beam W . The association between fitness and obesity in diverse multi-ethnic college students[J]. J Am Coll Health, 2021, 69 (3): 290- 297.
doi: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1665054
23 李淑娟, 李刚, 德力格尔, 等. 内蒙古大学生BMI指数与身体素质的相关性研究[J]. 内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学汉文版), 2015, 44 (4): 547- 550.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8735.2015.04.028
24 康玲, 陈玲娟, 姜涛. 新疆某高校维吾尔族汉族大学生体成分及其与身体素质的相关性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2017, 38 (8): 1254- 1256.
25 教育部. 国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)[EB/OL]. [2014-07-28]. httpp://www.csh.edu.cn/.
26 杨梦利, 彭玉林, 娄晓民, 等. 河南大学生体重指数与身体素质的关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39 (7): 1101- 1103.
27 国际生命科学学会中国办事处中国肥胖问题工作组联合数据汇总分析协作组. 中国成人体质指数分类的推荐意见简介[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2001, 35 (5): 62- 63.
28 吕若然, 段佳丽, 孙颖, 等. 北京市青少年1955—2010年生长发育长期趋势分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2016, 37 (9): 1281- 1285.
29 龚睿, 李爽. 维吾尔族和汉族大学生身体形态与机能对比分析[J]. 当代体育科技, 2020, 10 (22): 156- 158.
30 侯现振. 新疆哈、维大学生体质特征的比较研究[J]. 体育科技文献通报, 2018, 26 (5): 103- 105.
31 Jiang S , Peng S , Yang T , et al. Overweight and obesity among Chinese college students: An exploration of gender as related to external environmental influences[J]. Am J Mens Health, 2018, 12 (4): 926- 934.
doi: 10.1177/1557988317750990
32 李海霞, 李晓梅, 陶静, 等. 新疆维吾尔自治区不同民族中小学生超重和肥胖现状分析[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2014, 35 (1): 9- 12.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2014.01.003
33 张艺玲, 赖圳宾, 邱爱明, 等. 厦门市中小学生营养状况与身体素质指标的相关性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42 (8): 1212- 1215.
34 王纯, 邵平. 西藏自治区世居藏族青年BMI与身体机能指标和素质指标的相关性分析[J]. 中国体育科技, 2016, 52 (2): 62-70, 79.
35 邵君, 孙毅, 尹小俭, 等. 中国日本儿童青少年体质量指数与体能指数的关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40 (11): 1616- 1619.
[1] Chengyue LI, Hao WANG, ALIMUJIANG·Yimiti·tarken. Secular trend in growth of Uygur primary and middle school students aged 7-18 years in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2019 [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2024, 56(5): 802-808.
[2] Yifan WU,Yingxiang YU,Lan XIE,Zhida ZHANG,Cuiqing CHANG. Characteristics of resting energy expenditure and evaluation of prediction formulas in young men with different body mass indexes [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2024, 56(2): 247-252.
[3] Jing-feng ZHANG,Yin-ji JIN,Hui WEI,Zhong-qiang YAO,Jin-xia ZHAO. Correlation analysis between body mass index and clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2023, 55(6): 993-999.
[4] Yang-yang CHEN,Yu-bo ZHOU,Jing YANG,Yu-meng HUA,Peng-bo YUAN,Ai-ping LIU,Yuan WEI. Effects of gestational weight on the association between serum high sensitivity C reaction protein and gestational diabetes mellitus among twin gestations: A cohort study [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2022, 54(3): 427-433.
[5] SHI Xin-ran,AN Mei-jing,CHEN Tian-jiao,Ma jun. Mediating effect of milk intake between family socioeconomic status and body mass index of children and adolescents [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2021, 53(2): 308-313.
[6] Yi SONG,Dong-mei LUO,Pei-jin HU,Xiao-jin YAN,Jing-shu ZHANG,Yuan-ting LEI,Bing ZHANG,Jun MA. Trends of prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years from 1985 to 2014 [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2020, 52(2): 317-322.
[7] SONG Yi,LEI Yuan-ting, HU Pei-jin, ZHANG Bing, MA Jun. Situation analysis of physical fitness among Chinese Han students in 2014 [J]. Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences), 2018, 50(3): 436-442.
[8] ZHANG Xin, NA He-ya, YE Mo, WANG Meng-nan, WEI Shao-ming, SUN Ya-hui, ZHANG Fu-bing, SUN Xin-ying, CHANG Chun, SHI Yu-hui. Changes of acquired immune deficiency syndrome related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and their influencing factors among college students in Beijing [J]. Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences), 2017, 49(3): 462-468.
[9] WANG Li-fang, ZHOU Hong, ZHANG Yan, WANG Yan. Relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index and preterm birth [J]. Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences), 2016, 48(3): 414-417.
[10] WEI Dong-Mei, WU Li-Jing, GAO Ai-Yu, LI Qin, CHENG Lan, WANG Hai-Jun. Study on the relations among the screen-based sedentary behaviors, family factors and body mass index of children [J]. Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences), 2015, 47(3): 390-394.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!