Objective：To investigate the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis(CP). Methods: Buccal swabs from 105 patients with mild/moderate CP and 85 severe CP were collected, DNA was extracted from these buccal swabs using the TIANamp Swab DNA Kit ［TIANGEN Biotech (Beijing) CO.Ltd］. The VDR rs1544410 and rs731236 were genotyped by the Sequenom MassARRAY system (Shanghai Benegene Biotechnology Co. Ltd), which was based on MALDITOF (matrixassisted laser desorption ionization timeofflight) technology. The distribution of the genotypes and allele frequencies were analyzed. Results: The frequencies of the rs1544410 A allele and AA+AG genotype were significantly higher in severe CP than in mild/moderate CP of all the patients and the female patients respectively (all the patients: P=0.006, 0.007; the female patients: P=0.001, 0.001). The frequencies of the rs731236 C allele and CC+CT genotype were significantly higher in severe CP than in mild/moderate CP of all the patients and the female patients respectively (all the patients: P=0.003, 0.004; the female patients: P<0.001, <0.001). Conclusion: Gene polymorphisms of VDR rs731236 and rs1544410 may be associated with severe CP in Chinese Han population.