1 资料与方法
1.1 研究对象
1.2 调查工具
1.3 质量控制方法
1.4 统计学分析
2 结果
2.1 研究对象基本情况与使用意愿情况
表1 患者社会人口学特征情况与APP或微信小程序使用意愿(n = 559)Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics and willingness to use APP or Wechat mini programs of respondents (n = 559) |
| Variables | Patients, n (%) | Score, ${\bar x}$±s | F/t | P |
| Gender | 1.775 | 0.077 | ||
| Male | 244 (43.65) | 10.87±2.23 | ||
| Female | 315 (56.35) | 10.53±2.30 | ||
| Age/years | 5.283 | < 0.001*** | ||
| 18- | 60 (10.73) | 11.53±2.09 | ||
| 40- | 81 (14.49) | 11.11±2.07 | ||
| 50- | 132 (23.61) | 10.42±2.13 | ||
| 60- | 173 (30.95) | 10.75±2.39 | ||
| 70- | 113 (20.21) | 10.11±2.31 | ||
| Domicile | -1.730 | 0.084 | ||
| Urban | 311 (55.64) | 10.53±2.23 | ||
| Rural | 248 (44.36) | 10.86±2.32 | ||
| Area | 1.154 | 0.283 | ||
| East | 177 (31.66) | 10.64±2.50 | ||
| Midland | 217 (38.82) | 10.53±2.35 | ||
| West | 165 (29.52) | 10.91±1.87 | ||
| Education | 4.843 | 0.028* | ||
| Primary school and below | 107 (19.14) | 10.09±2.13 | ||
| Junior high school | 187 (33.45) | 10.67±2.28 | ||
| High school or technical school | 130 (23.26) | 11.00±2.36 | ||
| Junior college | 54 (9.66) | 10.94±2.41 | ||
| University and higher | 81 (14.49) | 10.75±2.11 | ||
| Marital status | 0.407 | 0.685 | ||
| Married | 495 (88.55) | 10.66±2.23 | ||
| Single/separated or divorced/widow | 64 (11.45) | 10.80±2.56 | ||
| Income per month/yuan | 0.180 | 0.671 | ||
| ≤1 499 | 146 (26.12) | 10.75±2.45 | ||
| 1 500-2 999 | 160 (28.62) | 10.59±2.27 | ||
| 3 000-5 999 | 160 (28.62) | 10.49±2.15 | ||
| ≥6 000 | 93 (16.64) | 10.82±2.20 | ||
| Course of disease/years | 3.627 | < 0.001*** | ||
| ≤5 | 328 (58.68) | 10.97±2.23 | ||
| >5 | 231 (41.32) | 10.26±2.27 | ||
| Complication | 1.429 | 0.158 | ||
| Yes | 50 (8.94) | 10.26±2.15 | ||
| No | 509 (91.06) | 10.72±2.28 | ||
| Diabetes comorbidities | ||||
| Yes | 242 (43.29) | 10.60±2.42 | 0.652 | 0.515 |
| No | 317 (56.71) | 10.73±2.15 | ||
| Family history of diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 210 (37.57) | 10.83±2.38 | -1.245 | 0.214 |
| No | 349 (62.43) | 10.58±2.20 | ||
| Total | 559 (100.00) | 10.68±2.27 |
* P < 0.05, * * P < 0.01, * * * P < 0.001. APP, application. |
2.2 糖尿病患者使用意愿及各影响因素得分相关性分析
表2 APP或微信小程序的使用意愿及各影响因素得分Table 2 Items and scores of willingness to use APP or Wechat mini programs and influencing factors |
| Variables | Items, n | Score, ${\bar x}$±s |
| Perceived usefulness | 7 | 28.23±5.91 |
| Perceived ease of use | 3 | 11.62±2.67 |
| Disease perception | 4 | 15.14±3.15 |
| Perceived barrier | 4 | 12.60±4.10 |
| External clues | 4 | 15.69±3.55 |
| Social support | 4 | 15.48±3.53 |
| Self efficacy | 3 | 11.59±2.67 |
| Willingness to use | 3 | 10.68±2.27 |
APP, application. |
表3 APP或微信小程序的使用意愿及各影响因素得分Spearman相关性分析Table 3 Spearman correlation analysis of willingness to use APP or Wechat mini programs and influencing factors |
| Variables | Perceived usefulness | Perceived ease of use | Disease perception | Perceived barrier | External clues | Social support | Self efficacy | Willingness to use |
| Perceived usefulness | 1.000 | |||||||
| Perceived ease of use | 0.837*** | 1.000 | ||||||
| Disease perception | 0.615*** | 0.637*** | 1.000 | |||||
| Perceived barrier | 0.121** | 0.091* | 0.335*** | 1.000 | ||||
| External clues | 0.737*** | 0.704*** | 0.571*** | 0.104* | 1.000 | |||
| Social support | 0.701*** | 0.648*** | 0.549*** | 0.142*** | 0.868*** | 1.000 | ||
| Self efficacy | 0.738*** | 0.814*** | 0.635*** | 0.094* | 0.772*** | 0.726*** | 1.000 | |
| Willingness to use | 0.605*** | 0.605*** | 0.285*** | -0.224*** | 0.593*** | 0.531*** | 0.594*** | 1.000 |
* P < 0.05, * * P < 0.01, * * * P < 0.001. APP, application. |
2.3 糖尿病患者使用意愿的影响因素结构方程模型
表4 结构方程模型的标准化参数估计Table 4 Standardized parameter estimates of structural equation model |
| Path | Estimator | 95%CI of estimator | Z | P | ||
| Perceived usefulness | → | Willingness to use | 0.375 | 0.250,0.500 | 5.865 | < 0.001*** |
| Perceived ease of use | → | Willingness to use | 0.108 | -0.088,0.304 | 1.078 | 0.281 |
| Disease perception | → | Willingness to use | -0.240 | -0.364,-0.116 | -3.792 | < 0.001*** |
| Self efficacy | → | Willingness to use | 0.313 | 0.051,0.575 | 2.338 | 0.019* |
| Perceived barrier | → | Willingness to use | -0.055 | -0.114,0.004 | -1.837 | 0.066 |
| Social support | → | Willingness to use | -0.336 | -0.661,-0.012 | -2.032 | 0.042* |
| External clues | → | Willingness to use | 0.609 | 0.221,0.997 | 3.075 | 0.002** |
| Disease perception | → | Perceived usefulness | 0.057 | -0.014,0.128 | 1.566 | 0.117 |
| Perceived ease of use | → | Perceived usefulness | 0.708 | 0.632,0.784 | 18.245 | < 0.001*** |
| External clues | → | Perceived usefulness | 0.169 | 0.096,0.243 | 4.517 | < 0.001*** |
| Perceived barrier | → | Perceived usefulness | 0.044 | 0.001,0.088 | 2.004 | 0.045* |
| Self efficacy | → | Perceived ease of use | 0.910 | 0.885,0.935 | 71.419 | < 0.001*** |
| Perceived barrier | → | Perceived ease of use | -0.054 | -0.105,-0.003 | -2.081 | 0.037* |
| Self efficacy | → | Disease perception | 0.794 | 0.729,0.858 | 24.111 | < 0.001*** |
* P < 0.05, * * P < 0.01, * * * P < 0.001. APP, application. |
表5 结构方程模型中的各效应Table 5 Effects of structural equation model |
| Path | Direct effect | Total indirect effect | Total effect | ||
| Perceived usefulness | → | Willingness to use | 0.375 | 0.375 | |
| Perceived ease of use | → | Willingness to use | 0.108 | 0.266 | 0.374 |
| Disease perception | → | Willingness to use | -0.240 | 0.021 | -0.219 |
| Self efficacy | → | Willingness to use | 0.313 | 0.166 | 0.479 |
| Perceived barrier | → | Willingness to use | -0.055 | -0.004 | -0.059 |
| Social support | → | Willingness to use | -0.336 | -0.336 | |
| External clues | → | Willingness to use | 0.609 | 0.063 | 0.672 |