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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (3): 490-497. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2022.03.014

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Joint association of sedentary behavior and physical activity on anxiety tendency among occupational population in China

Yi-hua LIU,Qing-ping YUN,Lan-chao ZHANG,Xiao-yue ZHANG,Yu-ting LIN,Fang-jing LIU,Zhi-jie ZHENG,Chun CHANG*()   

  1. Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2022-02-10 Online:2022-06-18 Published:2022-06-14
  • Contact: Chun CHANG E-mail:changchun@bjmu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of anxiety tendency among occupational population in China and to examine the joint association between sedentary behavior and physical activity with anxiety tendency. Methods: The data were from the 2021 Asia Best Workplace (Chinese mainland) program. The Generalized Anxiety Tendency scale was used to assess employees' anxiety status, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing anxiety tendency and calculate the odds ratio (OR) within different groups. The OR of sitting for each sitting-physical activity (PA) combination group and within PA strata were calculated to explore the joint association. Results: A total of 11 903 workers with an average age of 32.9 years were included in this study. Among them, 3 562 workers had anxiety tendency (29.9%) and the prevalence of those under 40 years old (30.6%) was significantly higher than the other age group (26.7%). 41.0% of the respondents had the moderated to vigorous physical activity. Their average daily sitting time was 9.4 h, and the percentage of those who exceeded 8 h sitting reached 73.9% in the past week. The analysis of Logistic regression showed that smoking (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.23-1.39), longer sedentary time and lower physical activity level were risk factors for anxiety tendency, and longer average daily sleep time (OR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.51-0.61) was a protective factor. The joint association analysis and stratified analysis of physical activity and sedentary behavior with anxiety tendency showed that increased sedentary time combined with decreased physical activity intensity was significantly associated with increased risk of anxiety tendency (range of OR: 1.64-3.14). The threshold for sedentary time in total as a risk factor for anxiety tendency gradually decreased as physical activity intensity increased. Conclusion: The anxiety tendency and sedentary behavior among the occupational population should recieve more attention. Lack of physical activity and sedentary behavior are both risk factors for anxiety tendency, and strengthening the intensity of physical activity can attenuate the harmful effects of sedentary behavior on anxiety tendency.

Key words: Anxiety, Occupational groups, Sedentary lifestyle, Physical activity

CLC Number: 

  • R131

Table 1

Socio-demographic characteristics and anxiety status of respondents"

Items n (%) Anxiety
n (%) P
Gender
  Male 5 643 (47.4) 1 662 (29.5)
  Female 6 260 (52.6) 1 900 (30.4)
Age/years
  ≥40 2 071 (17.4) 522 (26.7) < 0.01
   < 40 8 832 (82.6) 3 010 (30.6)
Education level
  College degree and below 3 637 (30.6) 1 008 (27.7)
  Undergraduate and above 8 266 (69.4) 2 554 (30.9)
Occupation
  Office workers 6 746 (56.7) 2 074 (30.7)
  Production operator 1 632 (13.7) 419 (25.7) < 0.01
  Technical workers 1 923 (16.2) 536 (27.9) < 0.05
  Others 1 602 (13.5) 533 (33.3) < 0.05
Positions
  General staff 8 464 (71.1) 2 517 (29.7)
  Management 3 439 (28.9) 1 045 (30.4)
BMI
  Normal 8 477 (71.3) 2 503 (29.5)
  Overweight 2 706 (22.7) 840 (31.0)
  Obesity 714 (6.0) 217 (30.4)
Average daily sitting time
  ≥8 h 9 083 (76.3) 2 839 (25.6) < 0.01
   < 8 h 2 820 (23.7) 723 (31.3)
Average daily sleep time
  ≤7 h 3 616 (30.4) 1 414 (39.1) < 0.01
  >7 h 8 287 (69.6) 2 148 (25.9)
Physical exercise
  Low 7 025 (59.0) 2 399 (34.1)
  Moderate 2 799 (23.5) 702 (25.1) < 0.01
  High 2 079 (17.5) 461 (22.2) < 0.01
Smoking
  No 9 682 (81.3) 2 829 (29.2) < 0.01
  Yes 2 221 (18.7) 733 (33.0)
Total 11 903 (100.0) 3 562 (29.9)

Table 2

Comparison of sitting time within different groups of occupational population"

Items Work sitting time/h, ${\bar x}$±s Leisure sitting time/h, ${\bar x}$±s Transportation time/h, ${\bar x}$±s Percentage of SB (≥8 h in total), n (%)
Gender
  Male 5.21±3.13 2.01±1.48 1.24±1.15 3 492 (61.9)**
  Female 6.95±2.33 2.16±1.57 1.16±0.96 5 303 (84.7)
Age/years
  ≥40 6.14±2.91 2.12±1.56 1.19±1.05 8 233 (74.1)
   < 40 6.06±2.70 1.97±1.38 1.26±1.06 562 (71.4)
Education level
  College degree and below 4.14±3.22 1.82±1.49 1.06±1.22 1 696 (46.6)**
  Undergraduate and above 7.00±2.20 2.21±1.53 1.26±0.97 7 099 (85.9)
Occupation
  Office workers 7.24±1.91 2.26±1.58 1.18±0.94 6 029 (89.4)
  Production operator 2.54±2.98 1.62±1.43 0.97±1.33 424 (26.0)**
  Technical workers 6.39±2.73 1.99±1.40 1.23±1.01 1 431 (74.4)**
  Others 4.77±2.81 1.98±1.42 1.45±1.19 911 (56.9)**
Positions
  General staff 6.08±3.00 2.13±1.56 1.18±1.09 6 199 (73.2)
  Management 6.25±2.53 2.00±1.45 1.23±0.98 2 596 (75.5)
BMI
  Normal 6.34±2.76 2.12±1.54 1.17±1.02 6 501 (76.7)
  Overweight 5.66±3.03 2.01±1.47 1.26±1.13 1 834 (67.8)**
  Obesity 5.35±3.19 2.09±1.61 1.34±1.21 456 (63.9)**
Average daily sleep time
  ≥8 h 6.15±2.80 2.07±1.53* 1.12±1.02* 6 182 (74.6)
   < 8 h 6.08±3.05 2.15±1.53 1.37±1.12 2 613 (72.3)
Physical exercise
  Low 6.15±3.03 2.08±1.57 1.22±1.08 5 143 (73.2)
  Moderate 6.21±2.63 2.09±1.46 1.19±1.02 2 141 (76.5)
  High 5.93±2.63 2.11±1.49 1.14±1.01 1 511 (72.7)
Smoking
  No 6.49±2.67 2.12±1.53 1.18±1.00 7 614 (78.6)**
  Yes 4.54±3.16 1.97±1.51 1.29±1.26 1 181 (53.2)
Total 6.13±2.87 2.09±1.53 1.20±1.06 8 795 (73.9)

Table 3

Logistic regression analysis on the influencing factors of anxiety"

Variables β OR (95%CI) P
Age -0.01 0.99 (0.99-1.00) < 0.01
Occupation
  Production operator -0.18 0.84 (0.72-0.97) < 0.05
  Technical workers -0.10 0.90 (0.80-1.01)
  Others 0.12 1.13 (0.99-1.28)
  Office workers
Smoking
  Yes 0.22 1.24 (1.23-1.39) < 0.001
  No
Average daily sleep time
  ≥8 h -0.56 0.56 (0.51-0.61) < 0.001
   < 8 h
Average daily sitting time
  >12 h 0.80 2.22 (1.88-2.62) < 0.001
  >8 h 0.47 1.60 (1.36-1.90) < 0.001
  >4 h 0.34 1.41 (1.19-1.68) < 0.001
  ≤4 h
Physical exercise
  Low 0.54 1.77 (1.58-1.99) < 0.001
  Moderate 0.15 1.17 (1.02-1.33) 0.03
  High

Figure 1

Joint (A) and stratified (B) associations of sitting time in total and physical activity with anxiety A, joint associations of sitting time in total, the reference categories are the groups with the highest levels of physical activity in combination with < 4 h/d of sitting; B, stratified associations of sitting time in total, the reference categories is the group of < 4 h/d of sitting at each level of physical activity. HA, highly active; MA, moderated active; LA, low active; ST, sitting time."

Figure 2

Joint (A) and stratified (B) associations of work sitting time and physical activity with anxiety A, joint associations of work sitting time, the reference categories are the groups with the highest levels of physical activity in combination with ≤4 h/d of sitting; B, stratified associations of work sitting time, the reference categories is the group of ≤4 h/d of sitting at each level of physical activity. HA, highly active; MA, moderated active; LA, low active; WST, work sitting time."

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