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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3): 408-414. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2023.03.004

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Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of adverse childhood experiences international questionnaire in parents of preschool children

Xiao-yi MI1,Shan-shan HOU2,Zi-yuan FU1,Mo ZHOU1,Xin-xuan LI3,Zhao-xue MENG2,Hua-fang JIANG4,Hong Zhou1,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
    2. Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 101101
    3. School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
    4. Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shandong, Weifang 261000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2023-03-01 Online:2023-06-18 Published:2023-06-12
  • Contact: Hong Zhou E-mail:hongzhou@bjmu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective: To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of adverse childhood experiences international questionnaire (ACE-IQ) in Chinese parents of preschool children. Methods: The parents of preschool children in 6 kindergartens in Tongzhou District of Beijing were selected by stratified random cluster sampling, and the Chinese version of ACE-IQ after translation and adaptation was used for survey online. The collected data were randomly divided into two parts. One part of the data (n=602) was used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA), to screen items and evaluate structural validity, and then form the final Chinese version of ACE-IQ. The other part of the data (n=700) was used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), criterion validity analysis and reliability analysis. At the same time, experts investigation method was used to evaluate the content validity of the final Chinese version of ACE-IQ. Results: After deleting four items of collective violence, the Chinese version of ACE-IQ with twenty-five items indicated good structural, criterion and content validity. Analysis results showed that the Chinese version of ACE-IQ presented a seven-factor model dimension, namely emotional neglect, physical neglect, family dysfunction, family violence, emotional and physical abuse, sexual abuse and violence outside the home, and the total score of the binary version of ACE-IQ Chinese version was positively correlated with the total score of childhood trauma questionaire-28 item short form (CTQ-SF, r=0.354, P < 0.001) and the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D, r=0.313, P < 0.001) respectively. Results from five experts showed that the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) of 25 items was between 0.80 and 1.00, and the average of all I-CVIs on the scale (S-CVI/Ave) of the scale was 0.984. At the same time, the internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient) of the whole scale was 0.818, and the split-half reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient) was 0.621, which demonstrated good reliability. Conclusion: This study has formed a Chinese version of ACE-IQ with 25 items and 7 dimensions, which has good reliability and validity among the parents of preschool children in China. It can be used as an evaluation instrument for measuring the minimum threshold of the adverse childhood experiences in the parents of preschool children in the cultural background of China.

Key words: Adverse childhood experiences, Parents of preschool children, Reliability, Validity

CLC Number: 

  • R179

Table 1

Results of EFA for binary version of ACE-IQ Chinese version"

Items Factor loading
Emotional neglect Physical neglect Family dysfunction Family violence Emotional and physical abuse Sexual abuse Violence outside the home
ACE01 0.878 0.043 0.010 0.076 －0.013 0.031 0.018
ACE02 0.872 0.049 －0.014 －0.036 0.049 0.047 －0.095
ACE03 0.039 0.703 －0.002 0.086 －0.056 0.043 －0.028
ACE04 －0.075 0.649 0.035 0.178 0.116 －0.089 0.006
ACE05 0.134 0.775 －0.038 －0.115 0.123 0.126 0.053
ACE06 －0.037 0.001 0.873 0.054 －0.107 －0.003 0.048
ACE07 －0.038 －0.035 0.909 0.009 －0.035 0.001 0.034
ACE08 0.007 －0.067 0.919 －0.021 0.005 0.005 －0.012
ACE09 0.154 0.022 0.735 －0.003 0.182 －0.046 －0.013
ACE10 －0.059 0.046 0.572 0.009 0.071 0.020 －0.057
ACE11 0.017 0.156 0.020 0.569 0.380 0.062 0.232
ACE12 0.040 0.095 －0.016 0.824 0.148 0.015 0.123
ACE13 －0.005 0.001 0.037 0.768 0.031 0.134 0.014
ACE14 0.100 0.078 0.038 0.210 0.709 0.054 0.180
ACE15 －0.045 0.126 0.034 －0.009 0.610 0.105 0.130
ACE16 0.084 －0.018 0.021 0.162 0.732 0.054 0.173
ACE17 －0.055 －0.026 0.020 0.025 0.618 0.153 －0.088
ACE18 0.090 0.081 0.049 0.153 0.211 0.607 0.096
ACE19 0.042 －0.043 －0.030 －0.015 0.110 0.818 0.069
ACE20 －0.025 －0.012 －0.023 0.065 0.028 0.849 0.024
ACE21 －0.005 0.072 －0.013 0.025 0.078 0.840 －0.003
ACE22 －0.054 0.084 0.092 0.128 0.212 0.186 0.403
ACE23 －0.057 －0.008 －0.021 0.168 0.255 0.050 0.608
ACE24 0.016 －0.013 －0.018 0.048 －0.065 －0.016 0.824
ACE25 －0.008 －0.016 －0.053 －0.016 0.090 0.024 0.793
Eigenvalue 1.627 1.608 3.326 1.803 2.230 2.597 2.031
Variance contribution/% 6.510 6.431 13.302 7.210 8.921 10.390 8.124

Figure 1

Item factor loading of binary version of ACE-IQ Chinese version by CFA"

Table 2

Correlation among the scores of total scale and each subscale of ACE-IQ evaluated by binary version and CTQ-SF and CES-D"

Items CTQ-SF CES-D
r P r P
ACE-IQ total score 0.354 < 0.001 0.313 < 0.001
Emotional neglect 0.246 < 0.001 0.131 0.001
Physical neglect 0.227 < 0.001 0.173 < 0.001
Family dysfunction 0.139 < 0.001 0.108 0.004
Family violence 0.249 < 0.001 0.193 < 0.001
Emotional and physical abuse 0.286 < 0.001 0.221 < 0.001
Sexual abuse 0.132 < 0.001 0.115 0.002
Bullying and community violence 0.111 < 0.001 0.244 < 0.001
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