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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 541-546. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.022

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Cannabis use among the drug users with compulsory detained detoxification treatment in China

Wen-jun TANG1,Hao-xiang TANG2,Yi XING1,△()   

  1. 1. Peking University School of Public Health; Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
    2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received:2020-02-17 Online:2020-06-18 Published:2020-06-30
  • Contact: Yi XING E-mail:cyrss@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Drug Abuse Population Estimation in the Key Cities of the Ministry of Public Security(0716-1541GA590508)

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Abstract:

Objective: To explore the epidemic situation of cannabis use among drug users with compulsory detained detoxification treatment in China.Methods: Using the data from the Drug Abuse Population Estimation in the Key Cities of the Ministry of Public Security, we analyzed the sociodemographic characteristics and substance use of cannabis abusers with compulsory detained detoxification treatment in 55 provincial capital cities and key cities of China. Chi-square test, Fisher exact test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used to compare the prevalence of cannabis, heroin, synthetic and mixed drug use among patients with detoxification treatment, as well as the differences in polydrug use and areas among cannabis users.Results: In the study, 25 366 drug users with compulsory detained detoxification treatment were recruited, of whom 2.2% (546/25 366) used cannabis in the previous year before the treatment. The proportion of males was 83.5%, and the proportion of ethnic minorities was 41.0%. Those who received junior high school education or above accounted for 30.8%, and the unemployed accounted for 44.1%. The average age was (33.3±8.2) years, the average age of beginning drug use was (24.8±7.7) years, and the average duration between the first drug abuse and first detoxification treatment was (5.4±4.6) years. The prevalence of cannabis use was higher among those drug users who were 35-year-old and younger, ethnic minorities, employees and residents in Xinjiang. Of the cannabis users, 91.4% used polydrug, 13.6% combined with heroin alone, 42.1% combined with synthetic drugs alone and 35.7% combined with both of heroin and synthetic drugs. Of the cannabis users, 49.6% came from 3 regions: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Jiangsu Province and Shanghai City. The cannabis users in Xinjiang had a high proportion of ethnic minorities who received junior high school education and below. Moreover, 79.6% of them combined cannabis use with heroin. The cannabis users in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai areas had a higher proportion of ethnic Han who received better education (high school and above). Moreover, 92.7% of them combined cannabis use with methamphe-tamine.Conclusion: The prevalence of cannabis use among the population with compulsory detained detoxification treatment is higher than that among drug users under surveillance, but there are obvious regional cluster effect and high possibility of polydrug abuse. Thus, it’s important to strengthen the monitoring of cannabis use, to increase the control of cannabis and to formulate China’s anti-cannabis policy among different population.

Key words: Cannabis, Drug users, Compulsory detained detoxification treatment

CLC Number: 

  • R749.611

Table 1

The prevalence of cannabis, heroin, synthetic drugs and mixed drugs use among different patients with compulsory detained detoxification treatment"

Subgroups n Cannabis Heroin Synthetic drugsa Mixed drugsb
Total, n (%) 25 366 546 (2.2) 8 230 (32.4) 14 678 (57.9) 1 912 (7.5)
Age, n (%)
9-34 years old 13 134 340 (2.6) 2 288 (17.4) 9 622 (73.3) 884 (6.7)
35-74 years old 11 094 191 (1.7) 5 204 (46.9) 4 743 (42.8) 956 (8.6)
χ2 21.1 2 448.2 2 319.0 30.5
P value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Gender, n (%)
Male 21 003 454 (2.2) 7 050 (33.6) 11 986 (57.1) 1 513 (7.2)
Female 4 108 90 (2.2) 1 001 (24.4) 2 633 (64.1) 384 (9.3)
χ2 <0.1 133.5 69.7 22.6
P value 0.906 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Ethnicity, n (%)
Han 21 240 316 (1.5) 6 106 (28.7) 13 287 (62.6) 1 531 (7.2)
Minority 3 152 220 (7.0) 1 466 (46.5) 1 144 (36.3) 322 (10.2)
χ2 385.2 404.5 783.5 35.4
P value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Education, n (%)
Primary school and below 6 470 160 (2.5) 2 872 (44.4) 2 786 (43.1) 652 (10.1)
Junior high school 12 142 195 (1.6) 3 488 (28.7) 7 628 (62.8) 831 (6.8)
High school and above 6 077 158 (2.6) 1 483 (24.4) 4 041 (66.5) 395 (6.5)
χ2 26.4 679.4 889.1 76.8
P value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Employment, n (%)
No 12 226 213 (1.7) 4 317 (35.3) 6 556 (53.6) 1 140 (9.3)
Yes 11 329 270 (2.4) 2 914 (25.7) 7 484 (66.1) 661 (5.8)
χ2 12.0 254.1 377.8 101.4
P value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Areas, n (%)
Xinjiang 822 186 (22.6) 423 (51.5) 144 (17.5) 69 (8.4)
Jiangsu 992 46 (4.6) 94 (9.5) 805 (81.1) 47 (4.7)
Shanghai 1082 39 (3.6) 299 (27.6) 674 (62.3) 70 (6.5)
Guangxi 927 34 (3.7) 363 (39.2) 295 (31.8) 235 (25.4)
Zhejiang 899 24 (2.7) 228 (25.4) 578 (64.3) 69 (7.7)
Others 21 543 241 (1.1) 7 051 (32.7) 12 760 (59.2) 1 491 (6.9)
χ2 1 795.5 405.7 1 052.4 447.6
P value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Age/years, x?±s 24 228 33.3±8.2
(n=531)		 40.1±8.7
(n=7 492)		 32.8±8.3
(n=14 365)		 36.4±8.5
(n=1 840)
Z -9.5 20.3 8.7 -14.4
P value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Age of beginning drug use/years, x?±s 22 874 24.8±7.7
(n=501)		 30.1±9.0
(n=7 061)		 27.9±8.5
(n=13 646)		 25.5±7.9
(n=1 666)
Z -9.7 22.4 11.0 -13.6
P value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Duration between beginning drug use and first
detoxification treatment/years, x?±s		 25 366 5.4±4.6
(n=478)		 4.9±4.7
(n=6 310)		 3.4±2.9
(n=12 735)		 5.3±4.8
(n=1 541)
Z -9.5 15.4 23.0 11.8
P value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Table 2

The prevalence of multiple drug use among different cannabis users with compulsory detained detoxification treatment in Chinan (%)"

Subgroups n Only cannabis Combined heroin Combined synthetic druga Combined mixed drugb P value
Total 546 47 (8.6) 74 (13.6) 230 (42.1) 195 (35.7)
Gender <0.001
Male 454 45 (9.9) 74 (16.3) 163 (35.9) 172 (37.9)
Female 90 2 (2.2) 0 66 (73.3) 22 (24.4)
Ethnicity <0.001
Han 316 20 (6.3) 4 (1.3) 191 (60.4) 101 (32.0)
Minority 220 24 (10.9) 70 (31.8) 35 (15.9) 91 (41.4)
Age <0.001
9-24 years old 70 9 (12.9) 2 (2.9) 42 (60.0) 17 (24.3)
25-34 years old 244 19 (7.8) 33 (13.5) 114 (46.7) 78 (32.0)
35-44 years old 164 6 (3.7) 32 (19.5) 47 (28.7) 79 (48.2)
45 years old- 53 9 (17.0) 5 (9.4) 24 (45.3) 15 (28.3)
Education <0.001
Primary school and below 160 17 (10.6) 25 (15.6) 43 (26.9) 75 (46.9)
Junior high school 195 18 (9.2) 22 (11.3) 86 (44.1) 69 (35.4)
High school and above 158 7 (4.4) 16 (10.1) 92 (58.2) 43 (27.2)
Employment 0.015
No 213 15 (7.0) 15 (7.0) 107 (50.2) 76 (35.7)
Yes 270 24 (8.9) 42 (15.6) 109 (40.4) 95 (35.2)

Figure 1

The duration of drug use and age of beginning drug use among different cannabis users with compulsory detained detoxification treatment OC, only use cannabis; CH, combined with heroin; CSD, combined with synthetic drugs; CMD, combined with mixed drugs."

Table 3

Characteristics of cannabis users with compulsory detained detoxification treatment in different areas"

Subgroups Xinjiang (n=186) JiangZheHu (n=109) Others (n=251) P value
Gender, n (%) <0.001
Male 186 (100.0) 84 (77.1) 184 (73.9)
Female 0 25 (22.9) 65 (26.1)
Ethnicity, n (%) <0.001
Han 12 (6.5) 103 (95.4) 201 (83.1)
Minority 174 (93.5) 5 (4.6) 41 (16.9)
Education, n (%) <0.001
Primary school and below 69 (42.6) 20 (18.5) 71 (29.2)
Junior high school 51 (31.5) 44 (40.7) 100 (41.2)
High school and above 42 (25.9) 44 (40.7) 72 (29.6)
Employment, n (%) <0.001
No 38 (26.4) 53 (52.5) 122 (51.3)
Yes 106 (73.6) 48 (47.5) 116 (48.7)
Number of combined drug, n (%) <0.001
0 28 (15.0) 3 (2.7) 16 (6.4)
1 76 (40.9) 27 (24.8) 26 (10.3)
2- 82 (44.1) 79 (72.5) 209 (83.3)
Combined druga, n (%)
Heroin 148 (79.6) 37 (33.9) 84 (33.5) <0.001
Methamphetamine 87 (49.8) 101 (92.7) 222 (88.5) <0.001
Ma Gu 11 (5.9) 68 (62.4) 184 (73.3) <0.001
Ecstasy 8 (4.3) 29 (26.6) 80 (31.9) <0.001
Ketamine 8 (4.3) 42 (38.5) 111 (44.2) <0.001
Others 0 2 (1.8) 12 (4.8) <0.001
Age/years, x?±s 33.0±7.1 36.9±8.0 31.8±8.5 <0.001
Age of beginning drug use/years, x?±s 26.4±6.8 25.1±7.2 23.4±8.4 <0.001
Duration between beginning drug use and first toxification treatment/years, x?±s 4.5±4.8 6.9±4.6 5.3±4.2 <0.001
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