Email Alert | RSS

Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (5): 820-827. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2024.05.011

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Impact of fine particulate matter exposure on non-accidental mortality under different apparent temperature levels

Yuxin WANG1, Ru CAO1, Jing HUANG1, Ponsawansong Pitakchon2, Tawatsupa Benjawan3, Xiaochuan PAN1, Prapamontol Tippawan2, Guoxing LI1,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
    2. Environment and Health Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    3. Health Impact Assessment Division, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok 11000, Thailand
  • Received:2021-05-18 Online:2024-10-18 Published:2024-10-16
  • Contact: Guoxing LI E-mail:liguoxing@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the International (Regional) Cooperation and Exchange Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761144056);the Major International Joint Research Project of National Research Council of Thailand/Thailand Research Fund(RDG6030019)

RICH HTML

 11   

PDF (PC)

22

Abstract:

Objective: To assess the impact of exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) on non-accidental mortality under different apparent temperature levels and to further explore the modification effect of apparent temperature. Methods: This study used time-series design. Tianjin and Ningbo from China, Bangkok and Chiang Mai from Thailand were selected as the research sites, and the apparent temperature was applied as the exposure index. Through the quantitative estimation of the threshold temperature, the corresponding pollutant concentration was divided into high and low levels, and the generalized Poisson additive model was used to evaluate the association between PM2.5 exposure and non-accidental death of residents at different temperature levels. Results: The ave-rage concentrations of PM2.5 in Tianjin, Ningbo, Bangkok, and Chiang Mai during the study period were (73.6±35.6), (48.0±32.1), (33.5±28.4) and (32.6±28.6) μg/m3, respectively; the average daily non-accidental death counts were 148, 57, 28, and 8. The analysis of the generalized Poisson additive model showed that the daily non-accidental death counts increased by 0.43% (95%CI: 0.33%-0.54%) per 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 in lag 0 day in Tianjin of China; 0.27% (95%CI: 0.08%-0.46%) per 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 in lag 2 days in Ningbo of China. The effect was magnified in high temperature levels in Tianjin and in low temperatures in Ningbo and Bangkok. The mortality effect of PM2.5 in various temperature levels stayed still in co-pollutant regression models. Conclusion: Exposure to fine particulate matter had an adverse effect on non-accidental mortality, which reminded us to give further attention to the pollution control. The findings also indicated that apparent temperature might modify mortality effects of PM2.5 and the modification effect varied in different regions. Protective policies due to regional differences should be made and more scientific and social attention on mutual effect of air pollution and climate change needs to be appealed.

Key words: PM2.5, Apparent temperature, Mortality, Effect modification

CLC Number: 

  • R122.26

Figure 1

The geographic location of four studied cities"

Table 1

Descriptive information of mortality, air pollutants and meteorological conditions in the four cities"

Variable Mean SD Minimum P 25 Median P 75 Maximum
Tianjin, China
  PM2.5/(μg/m3) 73.6 35.6 9.0 49.5 67.6 90.0 291.5
  NO2/(μg/m3) 43.2 16.2 12.8 32.0 40.0 51.2 142.4
  SO2/(μg/m3) 57.1 44.5 8.0 26.0 42.0 75.5 339.0
  AT/℃ 13.1 11.3 -14.1 2.1 14.4 23.8 32.1
  RH/% 58.1 18.3 15.0 44.0 60.0 72.0 97.0
  Mortality, n 148 43 13 122 152 176 340
Ningbo, China
  PM2.5/(μg/m3) 48.0 32.1 5.9 27.4 40.3 59.3 421.7
  NO2/(μg/m3) 42.5 18.4 7.6 29.2 39.7 53.8 121.8
  SO2/(μg/m3) 19.7 12.3 5.4 11.8 15.7 23.8 109.5
  AT/℃ 18.1 11.2 -3.3 7.7 18.7 27.6 38.5
  RH/% 74.2 12.3 28.0 66.0 75.0 84.0 97.0
  Mortality, n 93 18 52 80 90 104 166
Bangkok, Thailand
  PM2.5/(μg/m3) 33.5 28.4 5.1 15.6 23.4 41.7 266.2
  NO2/(μg/m3) 26.4 12.6 3.2 17.2 21.9 34.2 79.8
  SO2/(μg/m3) 3.2 1.8 0 2.1 2.7 3.6 14.9
  AT/℃ 29.1 1.8 18.4 28.1 29.3 30.3 33.4
  RH/% 65.6 9.0 37.3 60.3 66.1 71.4 94.9
  Mortality, n 28 5 7 24 28 33 46
Chiang Mai, Thailand
  PM2.5/(μg/m3) 32.6 28.6 4.8 14.9 22.6 41.5 266.2
  NO2/(μg/m3) 16.9 8.4 0 11.1 14.2 21.7 50.7
  SO2/(μg/m3) 1.4 0.9 0 1.0 1.1 1.6 8.4
  AT/℃ 27.1 3.0 11.5 25.5 27.4 28.9 35.1
  RH/% 69.4 11.2 39.8 61.9 70.9 77.6 93.6
  Mortality, n 8 2 0 6 8 10 20

Table 2

Estimates of the excess risk in daily non-accidental deaths per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration under different temperature levels"

Items Threshold Excess risk (95%CI)/% P value of Q statistics
Tianjin, China
  Total 0.43 (0.33, 0.54) Reference
  Low 26.4 0.32 (0.22, 0.43) 0.47
  High 1.23 (1.01, 1.46) < ·0.001
Ningbo, China
  Total 0.27 (0.08, 0.46) Reference
  Low 26.5 0.28 (0.09, 0.47) 0.99
  High 0.18 (-0.40, 0.76) 0.75
Bangkok, Thailand
  Total 0.50 (-0.01, 1.02) Reference
  Low 26.6 2.70 (0.68, 4.77) 0.03
  High 0.49 (-0.03, 1.00) 1.00
Chiang Mai, Thailand
  Total 0.92 (-0.05, 1.91) Reference
  Low 29.1 0.89 (-0.10, 1.88) 1.00
  High 1.48 (-0.40, 3.40) 0.59
Overall
  Total 0.40 (0.20, 0.60) Reference
  Low 0.70 (-0.08, 1.50) 0.98
  High 0.70 (0.11, 1.30) 0.98

Table 3

Co-pollutant regression estimates of the excess risk in daily non-accidental deaths per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration under different temperature levels"

City, country Pollutant Temperature Excess risk/% (95%CI) P value of Q statistics
Tianjin, China PM2.5+NO2 Total 0.30 (0.10, 0.50) Reference
Low 0.24 (0.12, 0.36) 0.79
High 1.22 (-1.09, 3.58) 0.48
PM2.5+SO2 Total 0.30 (-0.38, 0.99) Reference
Low 0.26 (0.14, 0.38) 0.92
High 1.19 (-1.08, 3.51) 0.46
Ningbo, China PM2.5+NO2 Total 0.28 (0.09, 0.47) Reference
Low 0.29 (0.09, 0.48) 0.96
High 0.21 (-0.37, 0.79) 0.82
PM2.5+SO2 Total 0.29 (0.10, 0.48) Reference
Low 0.29 (0.10, 0.48) 0.97
High 0.24 (-0.33, 0.82) 0.88
Bangkok, Thailand PM2.5+NO2 Total 0.21 (-0.41, 0.82) Reference
Low 2.18 (0.26, 4.14) 0.05
High 0.17 (-0.44, 0.79) 0.94
PM2.5+SO2 Total 0.50 (-0.02, 1.03) Reference
Low 2.43 (0.38, 4.52) 0.07
High 0.18 (-0.43, 0.80) 0.43
Chiang Mai, Thailand PM2.5+NO2 Total 0.44 (-0.60, 1.50) Reference
Low 0.69 (-0.35, 1.75) 0.74
High 0.59 (-1.95, 3.20) 0.91
PM2.5+SO2 Total 0.55 (-0.45, 1.56) Reference
Low 0.86 (-0.13, 1.86) 0.66
High 1.45 (-0.44, 3.38) 0.41
1 WHO. Ten threats to global health in 2019 [EB/OL]. (2019-03-21) [2021-01-18]. www.who.int/vietnam/news/feature-stories/detail/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019.
2 李勇. 中国空气污染相关疾病负担的动态评估及其减排响应[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2020.
3 Zeng Q , Ni Y , Jiang G , et al. The short term burden of ambient particulate matters on non-accidental mortality and years of life lost: A ten-year multi-district study in Tianjin, China[J]. Environ Pollut, 2017, 220 (Pt A): 713- 719.
4 Chen R , Yin P , Wang L , et al. Association between ambient temperature and mortality risk and burden: time series study in 272 main Chinese cities[J]. BMJ, 2018, 363, k4306.
5 Gasparrini A , Guo Y , Hashizume M , et al. Mortality risk attri-butable to high and low ambient temperature: A multicountry observational study[J]. Lancet, 2015, 386 (9991): 369- 375.
6 Burkart K , Canário P , Breitner S , et al. Interactive short-term effects of equivalent temperature and air pollution on human mortality in Berlin and Lisbon[J]. Environ Pollut, 2013, 183, 54- 63.
7 Kioumourtzoglou MA , Schwartz J , James P , et al. PM2.5 and mortality in 207 US cities: Modification by temperature and city characteristics[J]. Epidemiology, 2016, 27 (2): 221- 227.
8 Meng X , Zhang Y , Zhao Z , et al. Temperature modifies the acute effect of particulate air pollution on mortality in eight Chinese cities[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2012, 435/436, 215- 221.
9 Li P , Xin J , Wang Y , et al. The acute effects of fine particles on respiratory mortality and morbidity in Beijing, 2004-2009[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2013, 20 (9): 6433- 6444.
10 Hsu WH , Hwang SA , Kinney PL , et al. Seasonal and temperature modifications of the association between fine particulate air pollution and cardiovascular hospitalization in New York state[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2017, 578, 626- 632.
11 Zhang J , Feng L , Hou C , et al. Interactive effect between tempe-rature and fine particulate matter on chronic disease hospital admissions in the urban area of Tianjin, China[J]. Int J Environ Health Res, 2021, 31 (1): 75- 84.
12 Sun S , Cao P , Chan KP , et al. Temperature as a modifier of the effects of fine particulate matter on acute mortality in Hong Kong[J]. Environ Pollut, 2015, 205, 357- 364.
13 Li Y , Ma Z , Zheng C , et al. Ambient temperature enhanced acute cardiovascular-respiratory mortality effects of PM2.5 in Beijing, China[J]. Int J Biometeorol, 2015, 59 (12): 1761- 1770.
14 Wang Y , Kloog I , Coull BA , et al. Estimating causal effects of long-term PM2.5 exposure on mortality in New Jersey[J]. Environ Health Perspect, 2016, 124 (8): 1182- 1188.
15 Vanos JK , Baldwin JW , Jay O , et al. Simplicity lacks robustness when projecting heat-health outcomes in a changing climate[J]. Nat Commun, 2020, 11 (1): 6079.
16 Puza B , Roberts S . A Bayesian approach to modeling the interaction between air pollution and temperature[J]. Ann Epidemiol, 2013, 23 (4): 198- 203.
17 Shaposhnikov D , Revich B , Bellander T , et al. Mortality related to air pollution with the Moscow heat wave and wildfire of 2010[J]. Epidemiology, 2014, 25 (3): 359- 364.
18 Ma Z , Hu X , Sayer AM , et al. Satellite-based spatiotemporal trends in PM2.5 concentrations: China, 2004-2013[J]. Environ Health Perspect, 2016, 124 (2): 184- 192.
19 Kovats RS , Hajat S . Heat stress and public health: A critical review[J]. Annu Rev Public Health, 2008, 29, 41- 55.
20 Ho HC , Knudby A , Xu Y , et al. A comparison of urban heat islands mapped using skin temperature, air temperature, and apparent temperature (Humidex), for the greater Vancouver area[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2016, 544, 929- 938.
21 Zeng Q , Li G , Zhao L , et al. Characteristics of the exposure-response relationship of particulate matter and mortality: A time series analysis of 7 cities in China[J]. J Occup Environ Med, 2015, 57 (10): e93- e100.
22 Macdonald RW , Harner T , Fyfe J . Recent climate change in the Arctic and its impact on contaminant pathways and interpretation of temporal trend data[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2004, 342 (1/2/3): 5- 86.
23 Li G , Zhou M , Cai Y , et al. Does temperature enhance acute mortality effects of ambient particle pollution in Tianjin city, China[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2011, 409 (10): 1811- 1817.
24 Chung Y , Lim YH , Honda Y , et al. Mortality related to extreme temperature for 15 cities in Northeast Asia[J]. Epidemiology, 2015, 26 (2): 255- 262.
25 Gao J , Sun Y , Liu Q , et al. Impact of extreme high temperature on mortality and regional level definition of heat wave: A multi-city study in China[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2015, 505, 535- 544.
26 Chen K , Bi J , Chen J , et al. Influence of heat wave definitions to the added effect of heat waves on daily mortality in Nanjing, China[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2015, 506/507, 18- 25.
27 Williams R , Rankin N , Smith T , et al. Relationship between the humidity and temperature of inspired gas and the function of the airway mucosa[J]. Crit Care Med, 1996, 24 (11): 1920- 1929.
28 Krall JR , Anderson GB , Dominici F , et al. Short-term exposure to particulate matter constituents and mortality in a national study of U.S. urban communities[J]. Environ Health Perspect, 2013, 121 (10): 1148- 1153.
29 Chen C , Zhao B , Weschler CJ . Indoor exposure to "Outdoor PM10": Assessing its influence on the relationship between PM10 and short-term mortality in U.S. cities[J]. Epidemiology, 2012, 23 (6): 870- 878.
30 Keatinge WR , Coleshaw SR , Easton JC , et al. Increased platelet and red cell counts, blood viscosity, and plasma cholesterol levels during heat stress, and mortality from coronary and cerebral thrombosis[J]. Am J Med, 1986, 81 (5): 795- 800.
31 Gordon CJ , Leon LR . Thermal stress and the physiological response to environmental toxicants[J]. Rev Environ Health, 2005, 20 (4): 235- 263.
32 Leon LR . Thermoregulatory responses to environmental toxicants: The interaction of thermal stress and toxicant exposure[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2008, 233 (1): 146- 161.
33 Li J , Woodward A , Hou XY , et al. Modification of the effects of air pollutants on mortality by temperature: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2017, 575, 1556- 1570.
34 Stafoggia M , Schwartz J , Forastiere F , et al. Does temperature modify the association between air pollution and mortality? A multicity case-crossover analysis in Italy[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 2008, 167 (12): 1476- 1485.
35 Qian Z , He Q , Lin HM , et al. High temperatures enhanced acute mortality effects of ambient particle pollution in the "oven" city of Wuhan, China[J]. Environ Health Perspect, 2008, 116 (9): 1172- 1178.
36 Li G , Jiang L , Zhang Y , et al. The impact of ambient particle pollution during extreme-temperature days in Guangzhou city, China[J]. Asia Pac J Public Health, 2014, 26 (6): 614- 621.
37 Li J , Wang Y , Yin P , et al. The burden of sulfur dioxide pollution on years of life lost from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A nationwide analysis in China[J]. Environ Res, 2021, 194, 110503.
[1] Ya-nan ZHAO,Hui-yun FAN,Xiang-yu WANG,Ya-nan LUO,Rong ZHANG,Xiao-ying ZHENG. Early death and causes of death of patients with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2023, 55(2): 375-383.
[2] Lin MA,Jing-yi WU,Shuang-cheng LI,Peng-fei LI,Lu-xia ZHANG. Effect of modification of antihypertensive medications on the association of nitrogen dioxide long-term exposure and chronic kidney disease [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2022, 54(5): 1047-1055.
[3] Yun-fei LIU,Jia-jia DANG,Pan-liang ZHONG,Ning MA,Di SHI,Yi SONG. Injury mortality among Chinese aged 5 to 24 years from 1990 to 2019 [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2022, 54(3): 498-504.
[4] LIU Jie,GUO Chao. A prospective cohort study of the influence of positive/negative effectivity on the mortality risk of the Chinese elderly [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2022, 54(2): 255-260.
[5] Wen TANG,Jun-yi GAO,Xin-yu MA,Chao-he ZHANG,Lian-tao MA,Ya-sha WANG. Application of recurrent neural network in prognosis of peritoneal dialysis [J]. Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences), 2019, 51(3): 602-608.
[6] YANG Chao, WANG Jin-wei, YANG Yao-zheng, BAI Kun-hao, GAO Bi-xia, ZHAO Ming-hui, ZHANG Lu-xia, WU Shou-ling， WANG Fang. Impact of anemia and chronic kidney disease on the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among diabetic patients [J]. Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences), 2018, 50(3): 495-500.
[7] LIN Ke, XIE Jun-qing, HU Yong-hua, KONG Gui-lan. Application of support vector machine in predicting in-hospital mortality risk of patients with acute kidney injury in ICU [J]. Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences), 2018, 50(2): 239-244.
Viewed
Full text
33
HTML PDF
Just accepted Online first Issue Just accepted Online first Issue
0 0 11 0 0 22

  From Others local
  Times 10 23
  Rate 30% 70%

Abstract
100
Just accepted Online first Issue
0 0 100
  From Others local
  Times 55 45
  Rate 55% 45%

Cited
Web of Science  Crossref   ScienceDirect  Search for Citations in Google Scholar >>
 
This page requires you have already subscribed to WoS.
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Copyright © Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), All Rights Reserved.
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd