Objective：To explore the relations among screen-based sedentary behaviors (SSB), family factors and body mass index (BMI) of children, and to study how family factors have effect on BMI through influencing SSB. Methods: A total of 1 846 students aged 7-11 years from 12 primary schools in one district of Beijing were included. Their body weight and height  were measured to calculate the BMI. The time of SSB and family factors were investigated by using questionnaires. The time of SSB was the total time of watching TV and videos, playing computer games and iPad each day during the past 7 days recalled by children. The family factors included the parents’ education, occupation, the parents’time of SSB, whether the parents told their child the harm of SSB, the parents’time limit for the children’s SSB. The parents’education and occupation were used for calculating the family socioeconomic score. Results: The median time of SSB for children was 1 hour/day, and the interquartile range was 1 hour/day. The BMI of the children with the parents’time limit for the children’s SSB less than 120 min/day were smaller than the children with the parents’time limit not less than 120 min/day, in both the boys(1.63 kg/m²，P<0.001) and the girls (0.85 kg/m², P=0.004). The family socioeconomic score, the parents’SSB time, whether the parents told their children the harm of SSB were not related to the children’s BMI . The mediation effects of SSB time for children on the association between the parents’time limit for the children’s SSB and  BMI  were-0.222 kg/m²(95%CI:-0.432, -0.095) for boys and -0.187 kg/m² (95%CI: -0.507, -0.049) for girls , which accounted for 13.67% of the total effects for boys and 22.11% for girls.  Conclusion:The parents’ time limit for the children’s SSB has effect on their BMI  through influencing their SSB time. Parents’ supervision on the behaviors of children produces larger benefit for BMI than health education conveyed by parents. Therefore, parents’ participation in supervising the behaviors of children are indispensable for preventing and controlling childhood obesity.

Objective：To explore the association between 10 candidate genes on transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) signaling pathway and non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) among Chinese populations, and to study the gene-environment interaction. Methods: A total of 806 Chinese Han NSCL/P trios were ascertained from an international consortium, which conducted a genome-wide association study using a case-parent trio design to investigate the genes affecting risk to NSCL/P. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was used to test for effects of 343 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 genes on TGFB signaling pathway including DCN, TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFB3, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, BAMBI, SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4. The conditional regression models were used to test for gene-environment interaction. Results: For TDT, although 19 SNPs showed nominal significant association with NSCL/P, no significant evidence of association was seen for all SNPs in 806 NSCL/P trios after Bonferroni correction. The interactions between genes and maternal smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, alcohol consumption and multi-vitamin supplementation during pregnancy did not attain statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusion: No evidence for SNP effect of genes on TGFB signaling pathway and significant gene-environment interaction was seen in our data.

Objective：To compare the differences of children’s health in different area, and to confirm if the prevalence of respiratory diseases and symptoms among children are closely associated with the air pollution.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area A and a suburban area B with different levels of air pollution in Beijing. Using a cluster sampling method, we recruited 4 564 children from 3 primary schools in urban A and 4 primary schools in suburban B. Respiratory symptoms were investigated using an international standardized questionnaire including characteristics of children, living conditions, respiratory diseases and symptoms and situation of parents. The concentrations of air pollutants for recent five years were obtained from Reports on the Quality of the Beijing Environment. SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze data.Results: The prevalence of cough, persistent cough, phlegm, persistent phlegm, wheeze and asthma in A area were higher than those in B area［（62.2% vs. 59.9%）, (6.3% vs. 3.1%）, （42.4% vs. 37.4%）,（3.6% vs. 2.4%）,（13.3% vs. 9.9%）and（9.5% vs. 5.4%）］. Except for cough, cough with cold, cough without cold, the prevalence of respiratory diseases and symptoms in A area were significantly higher than those in B area (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed the prevalence of persistent cough, phlegm without cold, asthma in A area were significantly higher than those in B area (P<0.05). Conclusion: Respiratory diseases and symptoms among schoolage children were closely associated with the level of air pollution.

Objective： To study whether the socio-ecological model based on “student-school-family” three-level strategy is effective in obesity prevention.Methods: A total of 3 175 students aged 7 to 18 from 16 schools (4 urban primary schools, 4 rural primary schools, 4 urban secondary schools and 4 rural secondary schools, of which 2 intervention schools were selected, respectively ) were recruited by stratified cluster sampling method. A threemonth intervention using “student-school-family” socio-ecological model was conducted through health education and environment improvement. The intervention contents included knowledge on obesity, healthy diet and physical activities. Their anthropometric indexes were recorded. Results: The intervention prevented obesity(OR=1.12, P<0.05), and was effective in waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (adjusted difference=0.63, 0.02, P<0.05). WC and WHR were reduced in girls (adjusted difference=0.52 & 0.02, P<0.05), and obesity was prevented in girls (OR=1.18, P<0.05). WC and WHR were reduced in boys (adjusted difference=0.73, 0.01, P<0.05). WHR were reduced in urban areas (adjusted difference=0.01, P<0.05). WC and WHR were reduced (adjusted difference=1.05, 0.02,P<0.05) and obesity was prevented (OR=1.18, P<0.05) in rural areas. WHR were reduced (adjusted difference=0.01, P<0.05) and obesity was prevented (OR=1.21, P<0.05) in primary schools. WHR were reduced in secondary schools (adjusted difference=0.02, P<0.05).The intervention effect was better in girls than in boys, in rural areas than in urban areas, and in primary schools than in secondary schools. The overweight and obesity prevalence went down after the intervention (χ2=11.01，P<0.01).   Conclusion:Intervention strategy is effective in central obesity indexes such as WC and WHR, and it can be used widely.

Objective：To construct a new human chemotactic cytokine PSMP eukaryotic expression vector to express PSMP in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and to obtain the purified recombinant PSMP protein for its functional mechanism study. Methods: PSMP-myc/His fragment, cut from pcDNA3.1-PSMP-myc/His, was inserted into pMH3 expression vector. This expression vector was transfected into CHO cells by electroporation. Stable clone strains were selected by Geneticin resistance screening. The expressions of PSMP protein in the cell culture supernatant were measured by Dot blot and Western blot analysis. The monoclone was prepared from resistance screening polyclone by limiting dilution method. A large number of the engineering cells were cultured with serum-free medium and the protein in the cell culture supernatant was purified by nickel affinity chromatography. The purity of the PSMP protein was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The functional activity of the protein was analyzed in vitro by Boyden chamber chemotaxis assay. Results:The eukaryotic expression vector pMH3-PSMP was successfully constructed by inserting PSMP-myc/His gene into pMH3 vector. After transfection of CHO cells, a stable expression of the PSMP gene engineering cell strain was obtained through twice cloning. The purity of the recombinant PSMP protein was 95% higher with bioactivity. Conclusion: The eukaryotic expression vector of PSMP protein is successfully constructed. The stable expression of PSMP is first obtained in CHO cell strain. The recombinant PSMP protein has higher purity and bioactivity, which provides a useful tool for further study of the functions and mechanisms of PSMP.

Objective: To present clinical and pathologic features of pulmonary hyalnizing granuloma through analyzing three cases found in our institution and reviewing cases reported in the English language literature.Methods and Results: Three cases of pulmonary hyalnizing granuloma identified at our institution during the past ten years were reviewed. In the first case, the patient presented with concurrent pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma and histoplasmosis. In the second case, the patient presented with a 5.5 cm lung mass and a separate smaller lesion radiologically resembling bronchogenic carcinoma. There was very prominent polyclonal lymphocytic proliferation at the periphery especially of the smaller lesion likely representing an early stage of the disease process. In the third case, the patient presented with multiple subpleural plaque-like lesions in addition to nodular lesions of the lung. All cases also demonstrated various degrees of lymphocytic infiltration within the lesions. The English literature has been reviewed through searching the PubMed.Conclusion: Since patients with pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma demonstrated a spectrum of clinical presentations, radiologic changes and histologic features with a variety of associated clinical disorders, pulmonary hyalnizing granuloma is more in keeping with a clinicopathologic entity rather than a specific pathologic disease.

Objective：To evaluate the safety and efficacy of albumin-bound paclitaxel in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).Methods: The patients with histopathologic or cytopathologic diagnosed advanced gastric cancer (AGC), Karnofsky performance status≥60, and life expectancy＞12 weeks, and with adequate organ functions of the bone marrow, liver, kidney and heart were recuited in our study. Albuminbound paclitaxel was administered alone or combined with capecitabine, TS1, trastuzumab or cetuxizumb. The total doses of albumin-bound paclitaxel were 200-400 mg （130-260 mg/m2）, divided on days 1, 8 or days 1,8, and 15, given intravenously during 30 minutes of a 21-day cycle. Tumor response was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.0. The adverse events (AE) were graded according to National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) 3.0 version. Results: From July 2009 to Octobor 2012, the total of 25 patients were treated and completed 65 cycles of chemotherapy (median: 2 cycles, and range: 0.5-7). The median age was 57 years (range: 38-79). The majority of the patients were with nongastroesophageal junction cancers and had metastasic disease with lymph nodes and peritoneum. Eleven patients were chemotherapy naive and the others had accepted previous systemic therapy for advanced disease. 16 patients were evaluable for clinical response. No complete response was observed and partial response （PR） was achieved in 5 patients. Five patients had stable disease and 6 patients progressed. Among the chemotherapy naive patients, 8 patients were evaluable for response, 3 patients had partial response (37.5%) and 1 patient had stable disease (tumor shrink). The clinical response rate was 50%. Time to treatment failure (TTF）was 3.7 months（95% CI 2.32-5.08） and time to death (TTD）was 7.9 months （95% CI 5.17-10.63）. No statistical differences in TTF and TTD were observed between the untreated and the retreated patients or the monotherapy and the combination therapy groups. All the patients were suitable for safety assessment. Most toxicities were mild with grades 1/2. Hematologic AEs were more common with leucopenia and neutropenia. Meanwhile, nausea/vomiting, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy were the most common non hematologic AEs. No allergic reaction or treatment-related deaths were recorded.Conclusion:AGC patients could benefit from albumin-bound paclitaxel with lower dose level than breast cancer patients. Additional phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ studies of albumin-bound paclitaxel in gastric cancer are warranted.

Array－based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH), a method used to detect gains or losses of genetic material, has recently been applied to prenatal diagnosis of genomic imbalance in the clinical laboratory setting. This new and exciting diagnostic tool represents a major technological step forward in cytogenetic testing and addresses many of the limitations of current cytogenetic methods. Conventional chromosome analysis, the current gold standard in prenatal diagnosis, focuses primarily on the detection of common aneuploidies and is limited by its capacity to detect only those copy number changes that are large enough to be microscopically visible (typically 5-6 Mb in size at the 500 band level). In contrast, array CGH analysis simultaneously evaluates regions across the entire genome and allows for detection of unbalanced structural and numerical chromosome abnormalities of less than one hundred kb. Array CGH analysis also overcomes some of the limitations of chromosome analysis, such as the requirement for cell culture and longer reporting time, by using direct uncultured fetal specimens. With many diagnostic laboratories now embracing this technology, the past year has seen tremendous growth in the use of array CGH analysis for prenatal diagnosis. This review aims to summarize array CGH methodology and its current applications in prenatal diagnosis.

Objective： To analyze the secular trends of height among Chinese students aged 17 in different ethnic minorities from 1985 to 2010. Methods: A total of 18 Chinese ethnic minorities’ students, including Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Zhuang, Korean, Tibetan, Miao, Buyi, Dong, Bai, Tujia, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Wa, Nakhi, Tu and Qiang as subjects were sampled from the 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 Chinese National Surveys on Students’ Constitution and Health. The heights of 17 years old people by gender in various ethnic minorities were analyzed and compared. Results: From 1985 to 2010, the increments of adult heights increased significantly in many ethnic minorities’ boys. In 2010, the average height of boys aged 17 years in each minority group was higher than 162 cm and was higher than 170 cm among boys from Hui, Mongolian and Korean groups. The ethnics with height growth rates of more than 2 cm per decade in boys were Hui (2.64 cm/decade) and Dong (2.05 cm/decade) and the ethnics with height growth rates of more than 1 cm per decade were Korean (1.99 cm/decade), Tibetan (1.90 cm/decade), Hani (1.80 cm/decade) and the other 9 minority groups. The average height of girls aged 17 years in each minority group was higher than 150 cm in 2010. The heights showed an upward trend in 15 minority groups, but with different degrees. The ethnics with height growth rates of more than 1 cm per decade were Hui (1.56 cm/decade) and Korean (1.29 cm/decade). The increments that were significant between 1985 and 2010 were Hui (3.89 cm), Korean (3.23 cm), Dong (2.35cm) and the other 6 minority groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the increments of adult heights may reflect the secular growth change in the major minority groups during the past 25 years, but there was an obvious disequilibrium among various ethnic minorities. We should pay more attention to the minority groups with poor growth and give them more help. Meanwhile, we should also pay attention to the negative effects of the secular growth trend on those minority groups with fast increasing adult height.