Abstract: Objective： To explore the predictive effect of testicular puncture biopsy and the biopsy results on the success rate of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the micro-TESE perfor-mance in patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) referred to the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University Third Hospital between January 2012 and August 2017.We discussed whether to take the testicular biopsy and testicular biopsy results，including the intraoperative microscopic examination and postoperative pathology findings, could predict the success rate of the late micro-TESE. Results:  There were 237 patients who were diagnosed as idiopathic NOA and received micro-TESE involved in the study and the total sperm retrieve rate was 25.7%. In 103 patients without testicular biopsy and 134 patients with preoperative testicular biopsy, the sperm retrieve rate was 26.2% and 25.4%, respectively. and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The testicular volume and serum follicle stimulating hormone levels of the two groups were (4.3±1.4) mL vs.(8.5±2.4) mL and (36.1±5.2) IU/L vs.(26.1±3.5) IU/L, respectively. Compared to the patients with preoperative testicular biopsy, the group of patients without testicular biopsy had a much smaller test volume and higher serum follicle stimulating hormone and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. For the patients who were found with a small amount of sperm in both intraoperative microscopic examination and postoperative pathological examination, the sperm retrieve rate was 100% (7/7). And for the patients who were only found with sperm in intraoperative microscopic examination or postoperative pathology examination, the sperm retrieve rate (SRR) was 47.2%（17/36）.For the patients who could be not found with sperm in both intraoperative microscopic examination and postoperative pathological examination, the SRR was only 11% (10/91).The difference between the groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: Idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia patients with smaller testicular volume still have a chance to be found with sperm by micro-TESE. The testicular biopsy results, including intraoperative microscopic examination and postoperative pathological findings, have predictive effect on the SRR for late micro-TESE. The patient who could not be found with sperm in both intraoperative microscopic examination and postoperative pathological examination have a small chance of success in microTESE.

Key words: SIdiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia, Testicular biopsy, Microdissection testicular sperm extraction, Sperm retrieval rate