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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (1): 193-199. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2022.01.031

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Preliminary clinical application verification of complete digital workflow of design lips symmetry reference plane based on posed smile

QIU Shu-ting1,ZHU Yu-jia1,2,WANG Shi-min3,WANG Fei-long1,YE Hong-qiang1,ZHAO Yi-jiao1,2,△(),LIU Yun-song1,△(),WANG Yong1,2,ZHOU Yong-sheng1   

  1. 1. Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
    2. Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
    3. Center of Dental Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2021-10-08 Online:2022-02-18 Published:2022-02-21
  • Contact: Yi-jiao ZHAO,Yun-song LIU E-mail:kqcadcs@bjmu.edu.cn;liuyunsong@hsc.pku.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Program for Multidisciplinary Cooperative Treatment on Major Diseases(PKUSSNMP-202004);National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071171);Lanzhou Innovative Talents Foundation(2019-RC-22)

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Abstract:

Objective: To automatically construct lips symmetry reference plane (SRP) based on posed smile, and to evaluate its advantages over conventional digital aesthetic design. Methods: Eighteen subjects’ three-dimensional facial and dentition data were gathered in this study. The lips SRP of experimental groups were used with the standard weighted Procrustes analysis (WPA) algorithm and iterative closest point (ICP), respectively. A reference plane defined by experts based on regional ICP algorithm, served as the truth plane. The angle error values between the lips SRP of WPA algorithm in the experimental groups and the truth plane were evaluated in this study, and the lips SRP of ICP algorithm of the experimental groups was calculated in the same way. The lips SRP based on posed smile as a reference for aesthetic design and evaluate preliminary clinical application. Results: The average angle error between the lips SRP of WPA algorithm and the truth plane was 1.78°±1.24°, which was smaller than that between the lips SRP of ICP and the truth plane 7.41°±4.31°. There were significant differences in the angle errors among the groups (P<0.05). In the aesthetic design of anterior teeth, automatically constructing the lips SRP of WPA algorithm based on posed smile and the original symmetry plane by re-ference compared with the prosthetic design, the subjects’ scores on the lips SRP of WPA algorithm based on posed smile (8.48±0.57) were higher than those on the original symmetry plane (5.20±1.31). Conclusion: Automatically constructing the lips SRP of WPA algorithm based on posed smile was more accurate than ICP algorithm, which was consistent with the truth plane. Moreover, it can provide an important reference for oral aesthetic diagnosis and aesthetic analysis of the restoration effect. In the aesthetic design of anterior teeth, automatically constructing the lips SRP of WPA algorithm based on posed smile can improve the patients’ satisfaction in esthetic rehabilitation.

Key words: Dental esthetics, Facial asymmetry, Imaging, three-dimensional, Computer-aided design

CLC Number: 

  • R783

Figure 1

Three dimensional facial data acquisition process of posed smile"

Figure 2

Scanning data of 3D digital dentition model"

Figure 3

Eight anatomic landmarks used in this study Sn, sbunasale; Mp, mid philtrum; Ls, labial superius; Li, labial infe-rius; RCph, right christa philtra; LCph, left christa philtra; RCh, right cheilion; LCh, left cheilion."

Figure 4

Abstracting the symmetry reference plane based on WPA algorithm, ICP algorithm, and truth plane of a subject Green plane represents WPA algorithm, yellow plane represents ICP algorithm, red plane signifies truth plane(TP). WPA, weighted Procrustes analysis; ICP, iterative closest point."

Figure 5

Design of digital aesthetic restoration A, abstracting the symmetry reference plane based on WPA algorithm (green plane); B, three-dimensional prediction of esthetic outcome based on conventional digital design; C, three-dimensional prediction of esthetic outcome based on WPA. WPA, weighted Procrustes analysis."

Table 1

The angle error of SRP based on WPA and ICP algorithm"

Subject Angle error/(°) Subject Angle error/(°)
WPA ICP WPA ICP
1 2.42 10.50 10 0.86 14.16
2 3.58 6.13 11 1.93 6.82
3 4.56 8.80 12 3.21 12.52
4 1.09 7.37 13 0.16 2.15
5 0.59 2.27 14 0.06 0.43
6 1.82 6.80 15 0.78 3.15
7 0.98 17.12 16 1.25 6.58
8 3.12 7.26 17 2.16 9.70
9 1.06 4.39 18 2.39 7.24

Figure 6

The average angle error of SRP based on WPA and ICP algorithm WPA, weighted Procrustes analysis; ICP, iterative closest point."

Figure 7

The average score based on WPA and OSP algorithm WPA, weighted Procrustes analysis; OSP, original symmetry plane."

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