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Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences) ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 120-130. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2019.01.022

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A method to evaluate the trueness of reconstructed dental models made with photo-curing 3D printing technologies

Ning XIAO,Yu-chun SUN,Yi-jiao ZHAO(),Yong WANG()   

  1. Center for Digital Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-09-30 Online:2019-02-18 Published:2019-02-26
  • Contact: Yi-jiao ZHAO,Yong WANG E-mail:kqcadcs@bjmu.edu.cn;kqcadc@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1106903);Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1106901);and the Key R&D Program of of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2018BEG02012)

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Abstract:

Objective: To establish a reference dental model used for trueness evaluation of photo-curing 3D printing technologies, and to establish a multidimensional trueness evaluation method based on the reference dental model, which can yield a comprehensive objective evaluating result. Methods: A reference dental model was designed in 3ds Max 2018 software based on the statistical analysis results of dental crown and dental arch of Chinese population in previous studies in order to simulate a real dental model. This model was made up of several simple geometrical configurations, which could minimize the manual measurement error. Physical models were fabricated using three types of photo-curing three-dimensional printers using different techniques: Objet30 Pro (PJ), Projet 3510 HD Plus (MJP), and Perfactory DDP (DLP). The models were scanned by a laser-scanning device and the files were exported in a stereolithography file format. In Geomagic Studio 2012, 3D shape deviations (including overall 3D deviation, flatness error, parallelism error and perpendicularity error) were measured by several commands using the data obtained from the scanning. With regard to the feature size of the simulated dental crown and dental arch, linear measurements (including mesiodistal diameter, buccolingual diameter, crown height of each simulated dental crown and feature size of dental arch) were recorded for selected landmarks using a digital caliper. The measurement results of feature sizes were used to analyze the occlusal plane percentage error and the occlusogingival direction percentage error. Results: For the 3D shape deviation, the results showed that the printed model made by the Objet30 Pro had the lowest overall 3D deviation, the model made by Projet 3510 HD Plus had the best perpendicularity accuracy and the model made by Perfactory DDP had the best flatness accuracy. In terms of the accuracy of the feature size, the model made by the Objet30 Pro was the most accurate in consideration of the results of the occlusal plane percentage error and the occlusogingival direction percentage error. Conclusion: The reference dental model and the trueness evaluation method using this model is universally applicable in evaluating the trueness of photo-curing three-dimensional printed dental model and can provide a comprehensive objective evaluating result, which can serve as a reference for the clinical use of photo-curing 3D printing technology.

Key words: Three-dimensional printing, Dental models, Photogrammetry, Reproducibility of results

CLC Number: 

  • R783.1

Figure 1

Schematic figure illustrating the study workflow"

Figure 2

Dimensions of maxillary model"

Figure 3

Dimensions of mandibular model"

Table 1

Dimensions of simulated dental crowns on reference dental model"

Items Maxillary model Mandibular model
Mesiodistal diameter Buccolingual diameter Crown height Mesiodistal diameter Buccolingual diameter Crown height
Central incisor/mm 8 7 10 5 6 8
Lateral incisor/mm 7 6 9 6 6 8
Canine/mm 8 8 11 7 7 8
First premolar/mm 7 9 10 7 8 7
Second premolar/mm 7 9 10 7 8 7
First molar/mm 10 11 8 11 10 10
Second molar/mm 9 11 5 11 10 12

Figure 4

The placement of the reference dental model during printing (place the base of model on platform in parallel,with the occlusal plane parallel to platform)"

Figure 5

Generated corresponding fitted plane via best-fit method in Geomagic Studio 2012 software A, fitted plane of the upper surface of the base on maxillary model (Plane U), fitted plane of the occlusal surface and lingual surface of simulated dental crown 11 (Plane O and Plane L); B, fitted plane of the upper surface of the base on mandibular model (Plane D), fitted plane of the occlusal surface and buccal surface of simulated dental crown 31 (Plane O and Plane B)."

Figure 6

Linear measurement of feature sizes of simulated dental crown on printed model using a hand held digital caliper A, measuring mesiodistal diameter (MD) of simulated dental crown 27; B, measuring buccolingual diameter (BL) of simulated dental crown 27; C, measuring crown height (H) of simulated dental crown 27."

Figure 7

Linear measurement of feature sizes of simulated dental arch on printed model using a hand held digital caliper The distance between: the distal surface of simulated dental crown (SDC) 17 and mesial surface of SDC 16 (L1), the distal surface of SDC 15 and mesial surface of SDC 13 (L2), the distal surface of SDC 12 and distal surface of SDC 22 (L3), the mesial surface of SDC 23 and distal surface of SDC 25 (L4), the mesial surface of SDC 26 and distal surface of SDC 27 (L5), the distal surface of SDC 37 and mesial surface of SDC 36 (L6), the distal surface of SDC 35 and mesial surface of SDC 33 (L7), the distal surface of SDC 32 and distal surface of SDC 42 (L8), the mesial surface of SDC 43 and distal surface of SDC 45 (L9), the mesial surface of SDC 46 and distal surface of SDC 47 (L10), the buccal surface of SDC 17 and SDC 27 (L11), the buccal surface of SDC 37 and SDC 47 (L12)."

Figure 8

Color difference map of models made by Objet30 Pro A, occlusal view of maxillary model; B, lateral view of maxillary model; C, occlusal view of mandibular model; D, lateral view of mandibular model."

Figure 9

Color difference map of models made by Projet 3510 HD Plus A, occlusal view of maxillary model; B, lateral view of maxillary model; C, occlusal view of mandibular model; D, lateral view of mandibular model."

Figure 10

Color difference map of models made by Perfactory DDP A, occlusal view of maxillary model; B, lateral view of maxillary model; C, occlusal view of mandibular model; D, lateral view of mandibular model."

Table 2

The flatness error, parallelism error and perpendicularity error of 3D printed models"

Items Objet30 Pro, x?±s Projet 3510 HD Plus, x?±s Perfactory DDP, x?±s
Max_M Man_M OV Max_M Man_M OV Max_M Man_M OV
Flatness error/mm 0.178±0.050 0.203±0.065 0.190±0.059 0.085±0.029 0.077±0.017 0.081±0.024 0.071±0.019 0.076±0.025 0.074±0.023
Parallelism error/(°) 0.097±0.043 0.177±0.066 0.138±0.068 0.164±0.079 0.118±0.056 0.141±0.071 0.648±0.126 0.220±0.096 0.434±0.244
Perpendicularity error/(°) 89.674±0.222 89.796±0.131 89.735±0.191 89.924±0.050 89.886±0.083 89.905±0.070 89.319±0.227 89.724±0.122 89.522±0.273

Table 3

The flatness errors of horizontal planes and vertical planes of 3D printed models"

Group Flatness errors of horizontal planes/mm Flatness errors of vertical planes/mm
Objet30 Pro 0.250 0.161
Projet 3510 HD Plus 0.081 0.081
Perfactory DDP 0.056 0.083

Table 4

The occlusal plane trueness and occlusogingival direction trueness of 3D printed models"

Items Objet30 Pro, x?±s Projet 3510 HD Plus, x?±s Perfactory DDP, x?±s
Max_M Man_M OV Max_M Man_M OV Max_M Man_M OV
Occlusal plane error/% 0.09±0.36 -0.05±0.34 0.02±0.36 -0.39±0.24 -0.03±0.24 -0.21±0.30 0.27±0.34 0.18±0.39 0.23±0.36
Occlusogingival direction error/% -0.05±0.08 -0.07±0.10 -0.06±0.09 -0.33±0.10 -0.22±0.15 -0.27±0.14 0.05±0.10 -0.17±0.10 -0.06±0.15
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