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Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences) ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 706-710. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2019.04.019

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A survey of risk factors and quality of life in female medical staff with urinary incontinence

Xin-yan CHE,Shi-liang WU,Yu-ke CHEN,Yan-bo HUANG(),Yang YANG()   

  1. Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; National Urological Cancer Center; Beijing 100034, China
  • Received:2019-03-12 Online:2019-08-18 Published:2019-09-03
  • Contact: Yan-bo HUANG,Yang YANG E-mail:hyb1273@126.com;goldflamingo@126.com

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Abstract:

Objective: To explore risk factors of urinary incontinence (UI) and influences of UI on quality of life in female medical staff from Beijing.Methods: One hundred and forty-six female medical personnel were included in the present study through the convenient sampling method in Peking University First Hospital. The questionnaires contained the following information: demographic information, daily urination condition, the severity of UI [international consultation on incontinence questionnaire short form (ICI-Q-SF)], and the influences of UI on quality of life (QOL). We excluded the subjects who were in pregnancy or had urinary infection, neurogenic bladder, or urethral stricture. We used SPSS 21.0 software (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) for statistical analysis. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test determined the normality of the continuous variables. Means and standard deviation presented continuous variables in normality. Median and range presented continuous variables without normality. Frequency and percentile were used to present categorical or ranked variables.Results: There were 63 out of 146 (43.2%) female medical staff suffering from UI. The mean age and body mass index of the whole study cohort were (39.4±9.9) years and (22.3±3.4) kg/m 2. The median delivery times of all the subjects were 1 time (range: 0-3 times). Fifty out of 146 (34.2%) subjects had transvaginal delivery history. Chronic constipation was diagnosed in 32 subjects (21.9%). No significant difference in daytime micturition and nocturia times were found between the UI and non-UI subjects. According to the multivariate analysis, chronic constipation (OR=4.95, 95%CI=1.81-13.53, P=0.002) and transvaginal delivery history (OR=3.50, 95%CI=1.49-8.21, P=0.004) were independent risk factors for UI. The non-UI subjects had superior quality of life than the UI subjects in terms of incontinence quality of life (I-QOL) total scores and all sub-scores of avoidance and limiting behaviors, psychosocial impacts, and social embarrassment (P<0.001). In addition, avoidance and limiting behaviors (r=-0.449, P<0.001), psychosocial impacts (r=-0.538, P<0.001), and social embarrassment (r=-0.454, P<0.001) of the 63 UI subjects were equally influenced by the incontinence symptom.Conclusion: UI is not uncommon in female medical staff. The quality of life of medical faculty is influenced by UI in terms of avoi-dance and limiting behaviors, psychosocial impacts, and social embarrassment. Chronic constipation and transvaginal delivery history were independent risk factors for UI.

Key words: Urinary incontinence, Female, Risk factor, Quality of life

CLC Number: 

  • R694.54

Table 1

Demographic characteristics of the study cohort"

Items Totoal (n=146) Urinary incontinence (n=63) Non-urinary incontinence (n=83)
Age/years, x?±s 39.4±9.9 42.0±8.7 37.3±10.3
Marital status, n (%) 118 (80.9) 59 (93.7) 59 (71.1)
Bachelor degree, n (%) 142 (97.3) 61 (96.8) 81 (97.6)
BMI/(kg/m2), x?±s 22.3±3.4 22.9±2.8 21.8±3.8
Chronic disease histoy*, n (%) 42 (28.8) 20 (31.7) 22 (26.5)
Constipation, n (%) 32 (21.9) 22 (34.9) 10 (12.0)
Pregnancy times, median (range) 1 (0-3) 1 (0-2) 1 (0-3)
Natural delivery, n (%) 50 (34.2) 34 (54.0) 16 (19.3)
Menopause, n (%) 9 (6.2) 6 (9.5) 3 (3.6)
Pelvic surgery history, n (%) 28 (19.2) 15 (23.8) 13 (15.7)
Daytime micturition times, n (%)
1-5 102 (69.9) 40 (63.5) 62 (74.7)
6-9 41 (28.1) 21 (33.3) 20 (24.1)
10-13 3 (2.1) 2 (3.2) 1 (1.2)
>13 0 0 0
Nocturia time, n (%)
0 59 (40.4) 28 (44.4) 31 (37.3)
1 68 (46.6) 29 (46.0) 39 (47.0)
2 16 (11.0) 6 (9.5) 10 (12.0)
>2 3 (2.1) 0 3 (3.6)
ICI-Q-SF, median (range) 0 (0-12) 5 (1-12) 0
QOL, median (range)
Total 109 (24-110) 103 (31-110) 110 (24-110)
Behavioral 39 (10-40) 37 (12-40) 40 (10-40)
Psychosocial 45 (9-45) 42 (10-45) 45 (9-45)
Social 25 (5-25) 24 (9-25) 25 (5-25)

Table 2

Related factors of urinary incontinence"

Variables Univariate Multivariate*
OR (95%CI) P OR (95%CI) P
Age 1.05 (1.02-1.09) 0.005 1.03 (0.98-1.07) 0.288
Marital status (yes vs. no) 4.81 (1.76-13.19) 0.002 2.10 (0.54-8.14) 0.282
Bachelor degree (yes vs. no) 0.75 (0.10-5.50) 0.780
BMI 1.11 (0.99-1.25) 0.075 1.08 (0.96-1.22) 0.199
Chronic disease history (yes vs. no) 1.29 (0.63-2.65) 0.489
Constipation (yes vs. no) 3.92 (1.69-9.07) 0.001 4.95 (1.81-13.53) 0.002
Pregnancy times 2.43 (1.26-4.69) 0.008 1.37 (0.58-3.23) 0.475
Natural delivery (yes vs. no) 4.91 (2.35-10.26) <0.001 3.50 (1.49-8.21) 0.004
Perimenopause (yes vs. no) 2.81 (0.67-11.69) 0.156
Pelvic surgery history (yes vs. no) 1.68 (0.74-3.85) 0.218
Daytime micturition (times) 1.66 (0.87-3.17) 0.125
Nocturia (times) 0.72 (0.45-1.15) 0.170

Table 3

Influences of urinary incontinence on quality of life"

Items Total (n=146) Urinary incontinence (n=63) Non-urinary incontinence (n=83) P*
Total score of QOL, median (range) 109 (24-110) 103 (31-110) 110 (24-110) <0.001
Sub-score of QOL, median (range)
Behavioral 39 (10-40) 37 (12-40) 40 (10-40) <0.001
Psychosocial 45 (9-45) 42 (10-45) 45 (9-45) <0.001
Social 25 (5-25) 24 (9-25) 25 (5-25) <0.001

Table 4

Relationship between ICI-Q-SF and QOL in 63 subjects with urinary incontinence (Spearman analysis)"

ICI-Q-SF Total QOL Behavioral Psychosocial Social
Relationship factor -0.583 -0.449 -0.538 -0.454
P <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
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