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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 492-499. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.015

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Monitoring metrics for short-term exposure to ambient ozone and pulmonary function and airway inflammation in healthy young adults

Jia-hui CHEN,Da-yu HU,Xu JIA,Wei NIU,Fu-rong DENG,Xin-biao GUO()   

  1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2020-02-11 Online:2020-06-18 Published:2020-06-30
  • Contact: Xin-biao GUO E-mail:guoxb@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571130090);National Natural Science Foundation of China(91543112);Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Z171100001417009)

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Abstract:

Objective: To assess the associations of different monitoring metrics for short-term exposure to ambient ozone (O3) with pulmonary function and airway inflammation in healthy young adults.Methods: A total of 97 healthy young college students were recruited and followed in a panel study conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Each participant underwent 3 follow-up visits, and lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured at each visit. Ambient air pollutant concentrations were obtained from the environment monitoring station of Beijing closest to the participant residences, and meteorological data were collected from China Meteorological Data Service Center. Linear mixed-effect models were applied to assess the associations between different monitoring metrics for ambient O3 short-term exposure with pulmonary function or airway inflammation in the healthy young adults.Results: During the study period, the P50 (P25, P75) values for ambient O3 concentration expressed as daily 1-hour maximum (O3-1 h max), daily maximum 8-hour average (O3-8 h max) and 24-hour average (O3-24 h avg) were 102.5 (76.8, 163.0) μg/m3, 91.1 (68.3, 154.3) μg/m3 and 61.6 (36.9, 81.7) μg/m3, respectively. The different monitoring metrics for short-term exposure to ambient O3 were significantly associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and increased FeNO. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in 6-d moving average of O3-1 h max (IQR=71.5 μg/m3) was associated with a 6.2% (95%CI: -11.8%, -0.5%) decrease in FEV1 and a 63.3% (95%CI: 13.8%, 134.3%) increase in FeNO. An IQR increase in 7-d moving average of O3-8 h max (IQR=62.0 μg/m3) was associated with a 6.2% (95%CI: -11.6%, -0.7%) decrease in FEV1and a 75.5% (95%CI: 19.3%, 158.0%) increase in FeNO. An IQR increase in 5-d moving average of O3-24 h avg (IQR=32.9 μg/m3) was associated with a 3.7% (95%CI: -7.1%, -0.2%) decrease in FEV1and a 25.3% (95%CI: 3.6%, 51.6%) increase in FeNO. There was no significant association between the three monitoring metrics for O3 exposure and peak expiratory flow (PEF).Conclusion: Short-term exposure to ambient O3 was associated with decreased lung function and increased airway inflammation among the healthy young adults, and daily 1-hour maximum was more sensitively to the respiratory effects of O3.

Key words: Ozone, Monitoring metrics, Lung function, Fractional exhaled nitric oxide

CLC Number: 

  • X5

Table 1

Demographic characteristics and health parames for the study participants"

Characteristics Male (n=65) Female (n=32) All (n=97)
x?±s Range x?±s Range x?±s Range
Age/years 24.6±2.0 20-26 23.8±2.7 18-26 24.4±2.2 18-26
BMI/(kg/m3) 25.2±4.0 18.1-33.2 23.6±4.6 17.9-30.8 24.7±4.3 17.9-33.2
FEV1/L 3.6±0.5 2.1-5.4 2.5±0.5 1.3-4.3 3.3±0.8 1.3-5.4
PEF/(L/min) 470.3±133.2 135-755 291.2±83.8 95-521 413.1±145.9 95-755
FeNO/(μg/m3) 19.2±10.7 2.7-68.3 15.1±8.4 1.3-36.2 17.8±10.2 1.3-68.3

Table 2

Data of ambient air pollutants and meteorological parameters in Dec. 2017 to Jun. 2018"

Variables n x?±s P50(P25, P75)
Air pollutants
O3-1 h max/ (μg/m3) 212 121.0±64.6 102.5 (76.8, 163.0)
O3-8 h max/ (μg/m3) 212 109.8±60.1 91.1 (68.3, 154.3)
O3-24 h avg/ (μg/m3) 212 63.8±35.2 61.6 (36.9, 81.7)
NO2/ (μg/m3) 212 50.4±22.8 48.9 (34.5, 63.6)
SO2/ (μg/m3) 212 7.4±5.4 6.1 (3.3, 10.1)
PM2.5/ (μg/m3) 212 54.9±44.2 40.9 (21.8, 72.0)
Meteorological parameters
Temperature/ ℃ 207 9.6±11.8 5.5 (-0.9, 20.6)
Relative humidity/ % 207 41.2±15.9 38 (28.5, 51.0)

Table 3

Spearman correlation coefficients between ambient air pollutants and meteorological parameters during study period"

O3-1 h max O3-8 h max O3-24 h avg NO2 SO2 PM2.5 Temperature Relative humidity
O3-1 h max 1
O3-8 h max 0.97# 1
O3-24 h avg 0.87# 0.90# 1
NO2 0.00 -0.08 -0.37# 1
SO2 -0.21# -0.28# -0.41# 0.65# 1
PM2.5 0.24# 0.17* 0.04 0.73# 0.56# 1
Temperature 0.85# 0.86# 0.72# 0.07 -0.28# 0.27# 1
Relative humidity 0.24# 0.20# 0.06 0.36# 0.12 0.64# 0.35# 1

Figure 1

Estimated changes with 95% confidence intervals in pulmonary function and FeNO percentage deviations (%) associated with an IQR increase of O3 monitoring metrics in single pollutant model Estimated changes were adjusted for age, gender, BMI, long-term time trend, temperature, and relative humidity. Estimated changes with 95% CIs in FEV1, PEF and FeNO associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase of O3monitoring metrics in single pollutant mixed-effects models.The IQRs of the monitoring metrics were 71.5 μg/m3 for O3-1 h max, 62.0 μg/m3 for O3-8 h max, 32.9 μg/m3 for O3-24 h avg."

Table 4

Estimated changes with 95% confidence intervals in FEV1 and FeNO percentage deviations(%) associated with an IQR increase of O3 monitoring metrics in different pollutant models /%(95%CI)"

Pollutant models O3-1 h max, Avg6 O3-8 h max, Avg7 O3-24 h avg, Avg5
FEV1 Single pollutant -6.2(-11.8, -0.5)* -6.2(-11.6, -0.7)* -3.7(-7.1, -0.2)*
+PM2.5 -6.3(-13.0, 0.3) -5.8(-12.1, 0.5) -3.7(-7.2, -0.2)*
+SO2 -7.6(-13.6, -1.6)* -9.1(-15.3, -2.9)* -3.7(-7.2, -0.2)*
+NO2 -6.3(-12.0, -0.6)* -6.3(-11.8, -0.8)* -4.0(-7.8, -0.3)*
FeNO Single pollutant 63.3(13.8, 134.3)* 75.5(19.3, 158)* 25.3(3.6,51.6)*
+PM2.5 87.7(26.8, 177.7)* 86.1(26.2, 174.3)* 25.2(3.2,51.8)*
+SO2 48.3(0.7, 118.4)* 68.7(10.6, 157.2)* 0.6(-20.1,26.7)
+NO2 60.3(11.2, 131)* 75.7(19.3, 158.7)* 9.5(-14.0,39.5)

Figure 2

Smoothed curve showing changes from mean predicted pulmonary function and FeNO deviation according to O3 at 1 d moving average Estimated changes were adjusted for age, gender, BMI, long-term time trend, temperature, and humidity. Loess Smother was used for curve fitting."

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