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Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences) ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 944-948. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2019.05.025

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Establishment of three-dimensional measurement methods of nasolabial soft tissue for patients with maxillary protrusion

Tian-wen ZHANG,Xiao-xia WANG(),Zi-li LI,Biao YI,Cheng LIANG,Xing WANG   

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2017-10-08 Online:2019-10-18 Published:2019-10-23
  • Contact: Xiao-xia WANG E-mail:doctorwang66@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the Clinical Application and Research Foundation of Beijing Science and Technology Committee(Z161100000516114)

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Abstract:

Objective: To establish a series of three-dimensional measurement methods of nasolabial soft tissue for maxillary protrusion patients by using 3dMD camera, and to evaluate preoperative and postoperative changes of the nasolabial soft tissue. Methods: Three-dimensional facial photos of 30 female patients with maxillary protrusion [average age, (27.33±2.54) years] were taken by 3dMD camera preoperatively and at the end of postoperative 6 months or more. Then, 3dMD patient software was used to locate the selected landmarks at nasolabial region on the three-dimensional photos. Ten measurements, including soft tissue line distance, angle, curve distance and postoperative three-dimensional volume changes were measured twice with one week interval by 3 investigators, respectively. A standard consistency test calculated by the correlation coefficients (ICC) was performed between two sets of data (including all of the 10 measurements) for each investigator and among the three investigators to verify the repeatability. Results: The average maxillary incisor retraction distance of the 30 subjects was (5.13±0.99) mm, and the average follow-up time was (11.07±5.11) months. The standard consistency test was performed between the two sets of data for each investigator, and the correlation coefficients (ICC) of the 10 measurements were all over 0.8 for each investigator (P>0.05). The standard consistency test was performed among the three surveyors, with the result that the ICC of the width of the bilateral inner canthus, the height of the nose, the height of nasal tip, nasolabial angle, philtrum length, the curve height of upper vermilion and the height of upper lip were greater than 0.8 (P>0.05), and the ICC of the distance between Sbal-Sbal, length of nasal dorsum and three-dimensional volume change of upper lip were 0.680, 0.627 and 0.528, respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion: 3dMD camera and 3dMD patient software can be used to measure and analyze the three-dimensional morphology of the nasolabial soft tissue for patients with maxillary protrusion preoperatively and postoperatively, and it is relatively accurate and reliable. However, the repeatability of three-dimensional positioning of the nasal tip point and the Sbal is slightly worse resulting in the lower value of the ICC of the distance between Sbal-Sbal and length of nasal dorsum, as well as the upper lip three-dimensional volume change after the operation.

Key words: 3dMD, Nasolabial, Three-dimensional measurement, Soft tissue morphology

CLC Number: 

  • R782.2

Figure 1

Nasolabial landmarks A, anterior view; B, lateral view. 1,Ns; 2,Ens; 3,Prn; 4,Sn; 5,Sbal; 6,Ls; 7,Ulp; 8,Stm; 9,Ch."

Figure 2

Measuring method of three-dimensional volume changes of upper lip A, whole surfaces-based registration; B, selected forehead region of the postoperative image as reference; C, registration via selected region; D, after the fusion, we selected the Prn, left and right Sbal, Stm, left and right Ch, and then volume difference value between the two images in the 6-dot area was obtained, the unit is cubic centimeters."

Table 1

Standard consistency test of intra-investigators"

Items Investigator 1 Investigator 2 Investigator 3
ICC P ICC P ICC P
Width of the inner canthus 0.927 <0.05 0.991 <0.05 0.954 <0.05
Height of the nose 0.887 <0.05 0.999 <0.05 0.892 <0.05
Distance between Sbal-Sbal 0.946 <0.05 0.994 <0.05 0.933 <0.05
Height of nasal tip 0.887 <0.05 0.980 <0.05 0.887 <0.05
Nasolabial angle 0.936 <0.05 0.995 <0.05 0.944 <0.05
Height of upper lip 0.881 <0.05 0.993 <0.05 0.902 <0.05
Length of nasal dorsum 0.968 <0.05 0.971 <0.05 0.922 <0.05
Philtrum length 0.965 <0.05 0.973 <0.05 0.908 <0.05
Curve height of upper vermilion 0.983 <0.05 0.991 <0.05 0.995 <0.05
Three-dimensional volume change of upper lip 0.979 <0.05 0.898 <0.05 0.835 0.003

Table 2

Standard consistency test of inter-investigators"

Items ICC P
Width of the inner canthus 0.908 <0.05
Height of the nose 0.846 <0.05
Distance between Sbal-Sbal 0.680 <0.05
Height of nasal tip 0.832 <0.05
Nasolabial angle 0.961 <0.05
Height of upper lip 0.863 <0.05
Length of nasal dorsum 0.627 <0.05
Philtrum length 0.858 <0.05
Curve height of upper vermilion 0.936 <0.05
Three-dimensional volume change of upper lip 0.528 <0.05
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