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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2021, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 744-749. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2021.04.021

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Expression and distribution of calprotectin in healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues

GAO Hong-yu1,2,MENG Huan-xin1,Δ(),HOU Jian-xia1,HUANG Bao-xin1,LI Wei1   

  1. 1. Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
    2. Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
  • Received:2019-12-11 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-08-25
  • Contact: Huan-xin MENG E-mail:kqhxmeng@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Foundation of China(81570980);National Natural Foundation of China(81870773);Science & Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(2016YD16);Science Foundation of Tianjin Medical University Stomatological Hospital(2015YKYB02)

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Abstract:

Objective: Calprotectin, the heterdimer of S100A8 and S100A9, is the major cytoplasmic protein of neutrophils, which is also expressed or induced in gingival epithelial cells, activated mononuclear macrophages and vascular endothelial cells. Calprotectin is intimately associated with the initiation and progression of periodontitis, but the in vivo expression patterns of calprotectin in healthy and inflamed periodontal tissue are not fully understood. To observe the expression, distribution and cellular localization of calprotectin in the samples of healthy periodontal tissues and experimental periodontitis tissues of Beagles and to explore their relationship with periodontal inflammation and possible effect. Methods: Experimental periodontitis model was established by ligation around the mandibular second molar of the Beagle dogs, while the contralateral teeth were healthy controls. Induction duration was 12 weeks, before the dogs were executed. Tissue specimens were demineralized and serial sections were made conventionally. The in vivo expression of calprotectin in the healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. The in vitro expression of calprotectin in human primary gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. Results: Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that calprotectin was expressed in gingival epithelial cells and infiltrated neutrophils in the healthy periodontium within the gingival epithelium, S100A8/A9 was most strongly expressed in the junctional epithelium, followed by surface epithelium, and least expressed in the sulcular epithelium. The S100A8/A9 expression levels were sharply defined at the junction between the junctional epithelium and the sulcular epithelium. In periodontal inflammatory lesions, the expression level of calprotectin in sulcular epithelium and junctional epithelium was up-regulated than that in the healthy gingival epithelium. Calprotectin was inducibly expressed in fibroblast-like cells in gingival connective tissue and periodontal ligament tissue, microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow fibroblasts under inflammatory conditions. Additionally, the expression of calprotectin in primary human GFs and PDL cells was confirmed by immunnocytochemistry staining. Conclusion: Constitutively expressed in neutrophils and gingival epithelial cells, and calprotectin might maintain the homeostasis and integrity of periodontium. Inflammation-induced expression of calprotectin in GFs, PDL cells, microvascular ECs and bone marrow fibroblasts might process anti-microbial function and promote leukocytes transmigration to defend the host against the microorganisms.

Key words: Calprotectin, Periodontitis, Junctional epithelium, Gingvial fibroblasts, Periodontal ligament cells.

CLC Number: 

  • R781.4

Figure 1

The expression and distrubution of S100A8/A9 in gingival tissues of periodontal health and experimental periodontitis A, the expressions of S100A8/A9 in relatively healthy gingiva (lower magnification); B, the expressions of S100A8/A9 in periodontitis gingiva (lower magnification); A1, the magnified A1 boxed area of A; A2, the magnified A2 boxed area of A; A3, the magnified A3 boxed area of A; A4, the magnified A4 boxed area of A; B1, the magnified B1 boxed area of B; B2, the magnified B2 boxed area of B; B3, the magnified B3 boxed area of B; B4, the magnified B4 boxed area of B, arrows show fibroblast-like cells expressing S100A8/A9; D, dentin; CT, connective tissue."

Figure 2

The expression and distribution of S100A8/A9 in furcation tissues of periodontal health and experimental periodontitis A, the expressions of S100A8/A9 in the furcation tissues of periodontal health (lower magnification); B, the expressions of S100A8/A9 in the furcation tissues of periodontitis (lower magnification); A1, the magnified A1 boxed area of A; A2, the magnified A2 boxed area of A; B1, the magnified B1 boxed area of B; B2, the magnified B2 boxed area of B; arrows show fibroblast-like cells expressing S100A8/A9; D, dentin, ab, alveolar bone."

Figure 3

The expression of S100A8/A9 in human gingival fibroblasts and human periodontal ligament cells A, the expressions of S100A8/A9 in human gingival fibroblasts; B, the expressions of S100A8/A9 in human periodontal ligament cells; C, the negative control of human gingival fibroblasts; D, the negative control of periodontal ligament cells."

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