Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 1130-1134. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.06.024

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Esthetic proportions of maxillary anterior teeth of 120 Chinese adults

Wei-liang WU1,2,Xiao ZENG3,Xiao-qiang LIU1,(),Jian-guo TAN1   

  1. 1. Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
    2. Department of Oral Implantology Ⅱ, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
    3. Department of Prosthodontics and Implant, Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550002, China
  • Received:2019-04-05 Online:2020-12-18 Published:2020-12-13
  • Contact: Xiao-qiang LIU E-mail:liuxiaoqiang@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Program for New Clinical Techniques and Therapies of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology(PKUSSNCT-19A03);Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou Province of China(LH[2016]7258)

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Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the esthetic proportions of maxillary anterior teeth in term of the apparent widths proportion of the adjacent teeth and width/height ratio of the clinical crown in 120 Chinese adults. Methods: Maxillary gypsum casts were obtained from the dental laboratories of stomatological hospitals in North China, Southeast China, and Southwest China, according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Standardized digital photographs of each cast were recorded. The apparent widths and actual widths and heights of the central incisors, lateral incisors and canines were determined by ImageJ software for the calculation of apparent widths proportion of the adjacent teeth and width/height ratio of the clinical crown. The ideal apparent widths proportion (Golden proportion and Preston proportion) and width/height ratio (0.80) were tested. The gender, arch side, and regional differences were investigated. Results: The apparent widths proportion of the lateral/central incisor was 0.724±0.047, of the canine/lateral incisor was 0.814±0.092. The width/height ratio of the central incisor was 0.848±0.072, of the lateral incisor was 0.834±0.094, of the canine was 0.883±0.098. The esthetic proportions were different from the predicted ideal ratio (P<0.001). The apparent widths proportion of lateral/central incisor was significantly larger in the right side than that in the left side (0.730± 0.044 vs. 0.718±0.050), and was significantly smaller in North China than that in Southwest China (0.711±0.051 vs. 0.731±0.044). The width/height ratio of the central incisor was significantly larger in the female than that in the male (0.855±0.074 vs. 0.835±0.068), and in the right side than that in the left side (0.855±0.073 vs. 0.842±0.072). The width/height ratio of the lateral incisor was significantly larger in the female than that in the male (0.843±0.097 vs. 0.817±0.084). Conclusion: The apparent widths proportion of adjacent teeth and the width/height ratio of the clinical crown in Chinese adults are different from the foreigner’s. The esthetic proportion parameters have significant population specificity, and the measurements cannot be generalized as well as it should be applied with caution.

Key words: Dental esthetics, Incisor, Adult, Tooth crown, Odontometry

CLC Number: 

  • R783

Figure 1

Digital pictures and measurement of esthetic proportions A, apparent widths proportion of anterior teeth measured by connecting vertical lines with perpendicular lines (white), width and height of central incisors (blue) measured by marking longest apicocoronal distance and widest mesiodistal portion; B, width and height measurements of right canine (blue); C, width and height measurements of right lateral incisors (blue); D, width and height measurements of left lateral incisors (blue); E, width and height measurements of left canine (blue). All measurements were calculated in pixels."

Table 1

Apparent widths proportion of adjacent maxillary anterior teeth by gender, side, and region"

Items Lateral incisor/central incisor Canine/lateral incisor
x-±s P x-±s P
Average 0.724±0.047 0.814±0.092
Gender
Female 0.724±0.048a 0.878 0.817±0.093a 0.529
Male 0.725±0.046a 0.808±0.090a
Side
Right 0.730±0.044a 0.012 0.822±0.090a 0.089
Left 0.718±0.050b 0.806±0.094a
Region
North 0.711±0.051a 0.819±0.099a
Southeast 0.726±0.047a,b 0.044 0.805±0.098a 0.512
Southwest 0.731±0.044b 0.819±0.081a

Table 2

Width/height ratio of maxillary anterior teeth by gender, side, and region"

Items Central incisor Lateral incisor Canine
x-±s P x-±s P x-±s P
Average 0.848±0.072 0.834±0.094 0.883±0.098
Gender
Female 0.855±0.074a 0.047 0.843±0.097a 0.045 0.891±0.094a 0.067
Male 0.835±0.068b 0.817±0.084b 0.866±0.105a
Side
Right 0.855±0.073a 0.002 0.841±0.092a 0.076 0.887±0.092a 0.318
Left 0.842±0.072b 0.828±0.096a 0.879±0.104a
Region
North 0.838±0.072a 0.820±0.090a 0.894±0.095a
Southeast 0.858±0.079a 0.251 0.842±0.095a 0.347 0.897±0.103a 0.063
Southwest 0.847±0.066a 0.836±0.095a 0.862±0.092a
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