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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (4): 621-627. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2022.04.007

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Correlation between daily fluid intake behavioral habits and pathological characteristics of upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Zhi-hua LI1,2,Chun-ru XU1,Yin LIU1,2,Hua GUAN1,2,Meng ZHANG1,2,Xin-yan CHE1,2,Qi TANG1,Yan-bo HUANG1,2,*(),Xue-song LI1,*(),Li-qun HOU1   

  1. 1. Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing 100034, China
    2. Department of Nursing, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
  • Received:2022-04-06 Online:2022-08-18 Published:2022-08-11
  • Contact: Yan-bo HUANG,Xue-song LI E-mail:hyb1273@126.com;pineneedle@sina.com

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Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the correlation between drinking habits and pathological characteristics of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Methods: A preoperative questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the drinking habits of UTUC patients who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital for radical nephroureterectomy within one year from August 2020 to July 2021, and statistical analysis was performed in combination with their postoperative pathological characteristics. The statistical procedure was performed using SPSS 22.0 software, and firstly, the preliminary analysis was performed one by one using the columnar χ2 test on the pathological characteristics of UTUC tumors as the dependent variable and the factors related to patients' general information, past history and drinking habits as the independent variables, and the independent variables that met P < 0.2 between the case and control groups for each dependent variable were specified for screening. The screened variables were included in the binary Logistic regression analysis. A difference of P < 0.05 was used to indicate a statistically significant difference. Results: A total of 239 patients, 134 males and 105 females, with a mean age of (68.1±9.98)years and a median disease duration of 4.8 months, were included in this study. Multifactorial Logistic regression results suggested that after adjusting for the effects of other variables, UTUC patients who had the habit of drinking at least once every hour during the daytime had a significantly increased risk of high grade (G3) tumors(OR=1.941, 95%CI: 0.352-1.029, P < 0.01); these patients also had a significantly decreased risk of multifocal UTUC tumors (OR=0.344, 95% CI: 1.18-5.582, P=0.004). The patients who had the habit of drinking over 100 mL water each time had a significantly decreased risk of mutifocal UTUC incidence (OR=0.477, 95%CI: 0.225-1.012, P=0.046). Patients who pay attention to daily water intakes had a significantly increased risk of renipelvic carcinoma (OR=2.530, 95%CI: 1.434-4.463, P=0.001) and a significantly decreased risk of ureteral carcinoma (OR=0.314, 95%CI: 0.172-0.573, P < 0.01). Other variables included in the regression model did not differ significantly in their effects on the occurrence of tumor pathological characteristics. Conclusion: Having the awareness of drinking water every 1 h during the day, drinking over 100 mL water each time, having the awareness of daily drinking habits correlated significantly with pathological characteristics of UTUC such as the presence of G3 tumor, multifocal tumors and location of the tumor. This conclusion still needs to be verified by subsequent trials with higher levels of evidence.

Key words: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma, Drinking habit, Pathological characteristic, Correlation analysis

CLC Number: 

  • R737.1

Table 1

Drinking habits of 239 patients diagnosed with upper tract urothelial carcinoma"

Items n %
Type of water
  Boiled water 140 58.58
  Mineral water 18 7.53
  Purified water 37 15.48
  Tea or other beverage 44 18.41
Timing of drinking water
  When feel thirsty 106 44.35
  Drinking water intentionally 133 55.65
Daily water intakes
  500-1 000 mL 32 13.39
  ＞1 000-1 500 mL 58 24.27
  ＞1 500-2 000 mL 56 23.43
  ＞2 000 mL 93 38.91
Drink at least once every hour during the daytime 89 37.24
Drink over 100 mL water every time 190 79.50
Drink over 200 mL water before bed 104 43.51
Drink over 200 mL water at night 39 16.32
Drink over 200 mL water when get up 184 76.99
Drink over 200 mL tea every day 96 40.17
Drink over 200 mL carbonated drinks every day 3 1.26
Drink over 200 mL coffee every day 8 3.25
Drink over 200 mL juice every day 3 1.26
Drink over 200 mL milk every day 112 46.86
Paying attention to daily water intakes 140 58.58
Having the will to drink more water every day intentionally 135 56.49
Lower urinary track obstruction disease history/ BPH history 55 23.01
Having the habit to hold back urine 35 14.64

Table 2

Factors included in the Logistic regression model after Chi-square test"

Case group Control group χ2 P
G3 tumor，n 138 101
  Drink at least once every hour, n(%) 44 (31.88) 45 (44.55) 4.006 0.045*
  Drink over 200 mL water when get up, n(%) 102 (73.91) 82 (81.19) 1.742 0.187
  Smoking history, n(%) 36 (26.07) 38 (37.62) 3.631 0.057
  Family history of cancer, n(%) 48 (34.78) 25 (24.75) 2.766 0.096
Multifocal tumor，n 39 200
  Time of drinking
    When thirsty, n(%) 13 (33.33) 93 (46.50) 2.292 0.130
    Drinking water intentionally, n(%) 26 (66.67) 107 (53.50)
  Drink at least once every hour during the daytime, n(%) 19 (48.72) 60 (35.00) 2.628 0.105
  Drink over 100 mL water every time, n(%) 28 (71.80) 162 (81.19) 1.697 0.193
  Drink water at night, n(%) 13 (33.33) 93 (46.50) 2.292 0.130
  Drink over 200 mL tea every day, n(%) 21 (53.85) 75 (37.50) 3.628 0.057
Tumor located in renal pelvic，n 127 112
  Time of drinking
    When thirsty, n(%) 63 (49.61) 43 (38.40) 3.032 0.082
    Drinking water intentionally, n(%) 64 (50.39) 69 (61.60)
  Drink over 200 mL tea every day, n(%) 35 (35.43) 51 (45.54) 2.527 0.112
  Paying attention to daily water intakes, n(%) 85 (66.93) 55 (49.11) 7.791 0.005#
  Family history of cancer, n(%) 48 (37.80) 25 (22.32) 6.717 0.010*
Tumor located in ureter，n 132 107
  Time of drinking
    When thirsty, n(%) 49 (31.12) 57 (53.27) 6.245 0.012*
    Drinking water intentionally, n(%) 83 (62.88) 50 (46.73)
  Drink at least once every hour during the daytime, n(%) 55 (41.67) 34 (31.78) 2.474 0.116
  Drink water at night, n(%) 51 (38.64) 55 (51.40) 3.902 0.048*
  Drink over 200 mL tea every day, n(%) 64 (48.48) 32 (29.91) 8.487 0.004*
  Paying attention to daily water intakes, n(%) 66 (50.00) 74 (69.16) 8.940 0.003#
  Family history of cancer, n(%) 34 (25.76) 39 (36.45) 3.184 0.074

Table 3

Statistical result of Logistic regression model"

B OR(95%CI) P
Tumor G3
  Drink at least once every hour during the daytime
    No 1.00
    Yes 0.663 1.941 (0.352-1.029) < 0.001#
Multifocal tumor
  Drink at least once every hour during the daytime
    No 1.00
    Yes -1.067 0.344 (1.181-5.582) 0.004#
  Drink over 100 mL water every time
    No 1.00
    Yes -0.876 0.477 (0.225-1.012) 0.046*
Tumor located in renal pelvic
  Paying attention to daily water intakes
    No 1.00
    Yes 0.928 2.530 (1.434-4.463) 0.001#
Tumor located in ureter
  Paying attention to daily water intakes
    No 1.00
    Yes -1.159 0.314 (0.172-0.573) < 0.001#
  Drink over 200mL tea every day
    No 1.00
    Yes -0.572 0.565 (1.200-3.878) 0.208
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