目的：了解儿童青少年对肥胖危险因素知晓现状，为有效预防儿童青少年肥胖提供依据。方法: 采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取北京市中小学生，测量其身高、体重、腰围指标，通过问卷调查的方法了解中小学生对饮食、运动等肥胖危险因素的知晓情况及其分布特征。结果：儿童青少年肥胖危险因素的整体知晓率为74.1%（504/680），男生与女生［71.2%（247/347） vs. 77.2%（257/333）］、腹型肥胖与非腹型肥胖［73.5%（202/275）vs.74.6%（302/405）］、外周型肥胖与非外周型肥胖［74.3%（185/249）vs. 74.0%（319/431）］差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；小学生与中学生比较，差异有统计学意义［81.9%（272/332） vs. 66.7%（232/348），P＜0.05］。中学生会增加对肥胖危险因素不知晓的风险（OR=2.23，95%CI：1.56～3.20，P＜0.05）。结论： 儿童青少年对肥胖危险因素整体知晓率不高，尤其中学生更为明显。

Objective：To analyze the awareness rate of obesity risk factors among children and adolescents, and to provide the basis for preventing their obesity. Methods: The students selected by using stratified cluster sampling method, were measured for the body height, weight, and waist circumference, and were surveyed for the awareness rate of obesity risk factors by using the questionnaire. The distribution characteristics of awareness on obesity risk factors were analyzed. Results: The awareness rate of obesity risk factors was 74.1%, and there was no significant difference on the awareness rate of obesity risk factors between the males ［71.2% (247/347)］ and females ［77.2% (257/333)］, the abdominal obesity students ［73.5% (202/275)］ and nonabdominal obesity students ［74.6% (302/405)］, the overall obesity students ［74.3% (185/249)］ and nonoverall obesity students ［74.0% (319/431)］, respectively. However, the awareness rate of obesity risk factors among the primary school students was 81.9% (272/332) that was higher than that of the middle school students ［66.7% (232/348)］ (P＜0.05). Compared with the primary school students, the nonawareness risk of obesity risk factors would increase among the middle school students (OR=2.23, P＜0.05). Conclusion:The overall awareness rate of obesity risk factors is not high among children and adolescents, especially among middle school students.