目的：了解中国中老年农民工门诊服务利用和费用情况及其影响因素，为中老年农民工合理利用门诊服务提供政策依据。方法：使用二部模型，分析中国健康与养老追踪调查（China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study，CHARLS）全国28个省（直辖市）2 974名年龄≥45岁农民工2011~2012年基线数据。 结果：中老年农民工4周就诊率为13.7%（407/2 974），门诊费用均数为（400.3±56.7）元，中位数为138.0元。男性就诊率和就诊费用（14.6%，517.1元）高于女性（11.8%，230.8元），本地参保（15.6%，414.9元）高于异地参保（10.9%，84.2元），差异均有统计学意义。多因素分析结果显示，家庭经济水平高、家庭成员≥5人、本地参保、自评健康状况较差和中等以及患慢性病的男性在婚者就诊率较高；居住在东部地区、本地参保、自评健康状况较差和中等以及患慢性病的男性就诊费用较高。结论：解决异地参保门诊费用垫付和回乡报销制度的弊端，有利于改善农民工门诊服务利用现状。

Objective： To examine the utilization and cost of outpatient care and their influencing factors among middle and aged peasant-workers in China. Methods: The data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) collected in 2011-2012 were used and the data on peasant-workers aged 45 years and older were analyzed with Two-part Model. Results: The four-week outpatient rate of middle and aged peasant-workers was 13.7% (407/2 974). The determinants of the rate included gender, marital status, economic level, household size, the place of insurance enrollment, self-assessed health and having or having no chronic diseases. The average outpatient cost was (400.3±56.7) yuan (RMB) and the median was 138.0 yuan. Multivariate analyses showed that outpatient costs were higher for those males who lived in Eastern China and worked at the same place with insurance enrollment, with fair to bad self-assessed health and chronic diseases. Conclusion: Allowing higher flexibility for migrants to transfer the new rural cooperative medical system(NCMS) between rural and urban areas and thus making reimbursement for medical services provided by undesignated providers received immediately could increase the use of outpatient services.