目的：观察IgA肾病（IgA nephropathy，IgAN）患者腭扁桃体、外周血中记忆B细胞表达及腭扁桃体切除后外周血记忆B细胞表达的变化，了解腭扁桃体在IgAN发病机制中的作用，为IgAN的治疗提供理论依据。方法：选取28例经临床和肾脏病理检查确诊为IgAN的患者腭扁桃体及外周血作为观察组，将27例慢性扁桃体炎患者腭扁桃体及10例正常健康者外周血作为对照组。采用流式细胞术检测记忆B细胞在腭扁桃体及外周血B细胞的表达，并分析IgAN患者腭扁桃体切除前、后外周血记忆B细胞的变化。结果：记忆B细胞在IgAN患者腭扁桃体及外周血高表达，分别为5.72%±5.26%和4.92%±5.10%；腭扁桃体切除前、后外周血中记忆B细胞表达百分率分别为4.92%±5.10%和1.10%±0.65%，差异有统计学意义，且腭扁桃体切除后外周血记忆B细胞表达基本恢复到正常水平。结论：记忆B细胞表达的高低为IgAN的临床进展研究提供了依据。

Objective： To observe an abnormal expression of humoral immune response induced by memory B cells in tonsils and peripheral blood of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the variation of memory B cells after tonsillectomy, and to discover the role of tonsillectomy in IgAN.  Methods: In the study, 28 patients were diagnosed as IgAN via renal biopsy, and 27 patients suffering from chronic ton-sillitis without nephritis and 10 normal human beings were selected as controls. The expression of memory B cells in the tonsils and peripheral blood was tested by flow cytometry, and the same method was used to test the variation of the expression of memory B cells in peripheral blood of patients with IgAN after tonsillectomy. Results: In this study, higher percentages of memory B cells were observed in tonsil and peripheral blood of IgAN patients, which were 5.72%±5.26%, 4.92%±5.10%. After tonsillectomy, the percentage of memory B cells was 1.10%±0.65%, lower than that before tonsillectomy (P<0.05). Meanwhile, in tonsils and peripheral blood, the percentage of memory B cells varied with the variation of the urinary findings of the IgAN patients. Conclusion: The percentage of memory B cell in tonsils and peripheral blood could predict disease progression of IgAN to a certain extent.