目的：回顾分析北京大学第三医院骨科颈椎后纵韧带骨化后路手术后，后纵韧带骨化进展导致颈脊髓病需再次手术的患者资料，通过总结颈椎后纵韧带骨化进展的再次手术治疗策略及其疗效，为颈椎后纵韧带骨化术后进展的再次外科治疗提供一定的临床参考。方法：在2006年5月至2012年7月住院的颈椎后纵韧带骨化患者中，选取既往因后纵韧带骨化行单开门椎管扩大成形术的17例患者作为研究对象。再次手术依据患者的临床表现结合影像学检查确定责任节段及手术入路，采用前方入路减压者12例，采用后方入路扩大减压者5例。采取日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopedic Association, JOA）评分评价患者术前及术后的脊髓功能。将患者年龄，性别，术前症状持续时间，脊髓高信号，是否伴随高血压、糖尿病等临床因素与术前JOA评分及术后JOA改善率进行相关性分析；手术前、后的JOA评分比较采用重复测量ANOVA方差分析；手术前、后的JOA改善率比较采用配对t检验。结果：随访时间60~348个月，平均137.5个月。手术均顺利完成，首次手术和再次后路手术各发生C5神经根麻痹1例。再次手术时，前路手术有2例、后路有1例发生硬膜撕裂致脑脊液漏，无感染发生。不同临床因素与术前JOA评分及JOA改善率无显著相关性。首次椎管扩大椎板成形术后，患者的JOA评分从术前9.4±4.1升高到12.8±2.8，有显著改善（P<0.01），后纵韧带骨化进展导致颈脊髓病后又出现下降，再次手术后较术前神经功能显著改善（P<0.05）。再次手术的远期改善率较第一次术后的首次改善率和再次手术后6个月的改善率差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：根据后纵韧带骨化进展后的临床表现及影像学的改变制定的再次手术减压策略，能显著改善后纵韧带骨化进展导致的脊髓功能损害。

Objective： To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of the patients with reoperation for cervical myelopathy due to progressing ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligaments, with previous open-door expansive laminoplasty, and to evaluate the outcomes. Methods: From May 2006 to July 2012, a retrospective study was performed on a consecutive series of 17 patients with previous open-door expansive laminoplasty, who had received the reoperation for cervical myelopathy due to progressing ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligaments. The reoperation was performed based on the clinical manifestations and segments of responsibility. The anterior approaches were performed in 12 cases, and the posterior approaches in 5 cases. The correlation between the clinical factors and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores or the JOA recovery rate was evaluated by Pearson or Spearman correlation test. The pre-and post-operative JOA scores were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and the JOA recovery rates were compared with paired t test. Results: The mean follow-up was 137.5 months (range 60-348 months). There were no serious complications after surgical procedures. There was one case that had C5 palsy in the first operation and had recovery after one week. Another case had C5 palsy in the reoperation with posterior approach, which had recovery at the end of 6 months post-operation. Three cases had the cerebrospinal fluid leakage of the reoperation, with two cases in the anterior approaches and one case in the posterior approach. There was no significant correlation between the clinical variables and JOA scores or JOA recovery rates. The JOA scores of the patients in the first operation were improved from 9.4±4.1 to 12.8±2.8 (P<0.01), and the JOA recovery rate was 45.6%. The JOA scores of the reoperation were improved from 10.2±2.8 to 12.7±2.4 (P<0.05) at the end of  6 months and 14.3±1.9 (P<0.01) by the last follow-up. There were significant differences between the JOA recovery rates by the last follow-up (63.2%) and at the end of 6 months (39.3%) of the reoperation or 45.6% of the first operation (P<0.01). Conclusion: The reoperation for cervical myelopathy duo to progressing ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligaments can significantly promote the recovery of the spinal cord, based on the clinical manifestations combined with segments of responsibility of the imaging.