目的：分析我国少数民族学生的贫血现况及其程度的构成比，并研究贫血与营养状况之间的关系，为少数民族学生贫血防治提供依据。方法： 选取2010年全国学生体质与健康调研中蒙古族、回族、壮族和朝鲜族7、9、12、14和17岁年龄组学生，利用世界卫生组织（World Health Organization，WHO）2011年标准筛查贫血，以“轻度”、“中度”、“重度”分析构成比,使用WHO男、女生年龄别体重指数（body mass index，BMI）z评分标准判定学生营养状况,Logistic回归分析贫血与营养状况之间的关系。结果： 我国蒙古族、回族、壮族、朝鲜族4个少数民族学生贫血率分别为4.4%、26.4%、6.6%和5.8%，其中，乡村女生贫血检出率均为最高，分别为4.8%、42.0%、9.0%和6.7%。少数民族学生大部分属于轻度贫血，蒙古族、回族、壮族、朝鲜族学生重度贫血检出率分别为1.4%、12.9%、1.6%和1.9%。Logistic回归分析结果显示，女生、乡村学生、12岁和17岁学生、回族、壮族和朝鲜族学生相对于男生、城市学生、7岁年龄组学生和蒙古族学生更易发生贫血；相对于正常学生，超重学生更不易发生贫血，消瘦或肥胖与贫血之间关联无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论： 不同民族学生贫血流行程度不同，回族学生贫血已达到“中度流行”；应对该民族和乡村地区少数民族，尤其是少数民族女生进行贫血的重点防治；少数民族学生中不同营养状况与贫血之间无显著关联，因此学生营养状况不能作为区分贫血与否的依据。

Objective：To analyze the prevalence of anemia and its proportions of severity, and to exa-mine the association between anemia and nutritional status among Chinese students of ethnic minorities, so as to provide bases for the prevention and treatment of anemia. Methods: The subjects were Mongolian, Hui, Zhuang and Korean students aged 7, 9, 12, 14 and 17 years, sampled from the 2010 Chinese National Surveys on Students’ Constitution and Health. World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for screening anemia (2001) was used, and the proportion rates of mild, moderate and severe were analyzed. The nutritional status was defined according to the growth references of body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-score for 5-19 years developed by the WHO. Stepwise Logistic regression was used to assess the association between anemia and nutritional status, gender, urban/rural areas, age and ethnic minorities. Results: The prevalences of anemia were 4.4%, 26.4%, 6.6% and 5.8% in Mongolian, Hui, Zhuang and Korean students, respectively, of whom, the prevalence of anemia was highest in rural girls and reached 4.8%, 42.0%, 9.0% and 6.7%, respectively. Most of the ethnic minorities’ students belonged to mild anemia, and the prevalence of severe anemia was 1.4%, 12.9%, 1.6% and 1.9% in Mongolian, Hui, Zhuang and Korean students, respectively. Stepwise Logistic regression showed that the girls, rural students, students aged 12 years and 17 years, Hui, Zhuang and Korean students were more likely to develop anemia than the boys, urban students, students aged 7 years and Mongolian students. The overweight students were less likely to develop anemia compared with the normal students and there was no significant association between anemia and thinness or obesity when the other factors were controlled (P>0.05). Conclusion: The epidemic of anemia was different in the different ethnic minorities and the prevalence of anemia in Hui students was of moderate public health concern according to the WHO’s criteria. We should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment of anemia for Hui and ethnic minorities in rural areas, especially for rural girls. The nutritional status of students could not be a basis or judgement for anemia as there was no significant association between anemia and nutritional status.