目的：探讨移植脂肪间充质干细胞（adipose tissue derived stem cells，ADSCs）对MRL/lpr小鼠的治疗作用及对MRL/lpr小鼠脾脏Th17/Treg细胞平衡的影响。方法：15只12周龄的雌性MRL/lpr小鼠采用随机数字表法分为ADSCs治疗组(ADSCs组)、对照组(control组)和环磷酰胺治疗组（cyclophosphamide，CTX组），每组5只。ADSCs组经尾静脉注射ADSCs，每次注射的细胞数为1×106/150 μL，每周1次，共注射8次；control组经尾静脉注射等体积磷酸盐缓冲液，每周1次，共注射8次；CTX组经尾静脉注射环磷酰胺，剂量为15 mg/kg（体重），每周1次，连用2次，休息2周后重复，共注射4次。留取治疗前和治疗后尿液检测24 h尿蛋白浓度。治疗8周后，处死MRL/Ipr小鼠，以流式细胞仪分析脾细胞Th17/Treg细胞比例变化。结果：（1）24 h尿蛋白浓度变化：治疗前，3组小鼠的24 h尿蛋白浓度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05)；治疗4周后，ADSCs组和CTX组24 h尿蛋白浓度显著低于control组，差异有统计学意义［(5.02±1.61) g/L vs. (7.10±1.63) g/L、(4.90±0.71) g/L vs. (7.10±1.63) g/L，P<0.05］，而且治疗时间越长，效果越明显，治疗8周后，ADSCs组和CTX组24 h尿蛋白浓度显著低于control组［(2.24±0.73) g/L vs. (10.36±1.64) g/L、(3.80±1.45) g/L vs. (10.36±1.64) g/L，P<0.01］；ADSCs组和CTX组之间24 h尿蛋白浓度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。（2）脾脏Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞的百分率：ADSCs组和CTX组脾淋巴细胞中Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞的百分率高于control组，3组分别为13.62%±1.87%、14.14%±1.29%、0.71%±1.23%，但组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。（3）脾脏Th17细胞占CD4+T细胞的百分率：ADSCs组和CTX组脾淋巴细胞中Th17细胞占CD4+T细胞的百分率显著低于control组，3组分别为1.43%±020%、1.63%±0.65%、6.37%±1.64%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：移植ADSCs能够减少MRL/lpr小鼠尿蛋白浓度，治疗时间越长，效果越显著。ADSCs能够降低MRL/lpr小鼠脾脏Th17细胞水平，提高Treg细胞水平，负向调节Th17/Treg细胞平衡，进而发挥抗炎和免疫调节的作用。

Objective： Preliminary study on therapeutic effects of adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSCs) on MRL/lpr mice and the effect on imbalance of Th17/Treg. Methods: Fifteen 12-week-old MRL/lpr mice were randomly divided into 3 groups by using random number table, including ADSCs group, control group and cyclophosphamide (CTX) group, with 5 in each group. ADSCs group and control group were injected with 1×106 ADSCs or phosphate buffered solution (PBS) via tail vein respectively, once a week, a total of eight times. CTX group was injected CTX at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, once a week for 2 weeks, and then repeated after 2 weeks’ rest, a total of four times. The 24-hour proteinuria was measured before and after treatment. All the mice were sacrificed after treatment for 8 weeks. Th17 cells and Treg cells in splenic were examined by flow cytometry. Results: (1) The 24-hour proteinuria in the three groups had no significant difference before treatment (P>0.05). After therapy for 4 weeks, the 24-hour proteinuria in the ADSCs and CTX groups was much lower than those in control group, and the difference was significant ［(5.02±1.61) g/L vs. (7.10±1.63) g/L, (4.90±0.71) g/L vs. (7.10±1.63) g/L, P<0.05］, and the longer the duration of treatment (8 weeks), the more obvious effect ［(2.24±0.73) g/L vs. (10.36±1.64) g/L, (3.80±1.45) g/L vs. (10.36±1.64) g/L, P<0.01］. There was no significant difference in 24-hour proteinuria between ADSCs group and CTX group (P>0.05). (2) Percentage of Treg cells /CD4+T cells in the spleen lymphocytes: The percentages in ADSCs and CTX groups were higher than that in control group. The levels were 13.62%±187%, 14.14%±1.29%, 10.71%±1.23%, respectively, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). (3) Percentage of Th17 cells /CD4+T cells in the spleen lymphocytes: The percentages in ADSCs and CTX groups were significantly lower than that in control group. The levels were 1.43%±020%, 1.63%±0.65%, 6.37%±1.64%, respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.01). Conclusion: Transplantation of ADSCs can reduce the 24-hour proteinuria in MRL/lpr mice. To prolong the time of treatment, the effect is more significant. Transplantation of ADSCs can up-regulate Treg cells and down-regulate Th17 cells. ADSCs have the ability to regulate the immune balance of Th17/Treg in MRL/lpr mice, suggesting that ADSCs play the role of antiinflammatory and immune regulation by regulating the Treg and Th17 cells.