目的：探讨术中冰冻或术后石蜡病理报告T1b期胆囊癌的外科治疗策略。方法：回顾42例T1b期胆囊癌患者的病理资料，其中14例为术中冰冻病理，28例为术后石蜡病理。经病理科医师重新复核，26例明确为T1b期胆囊癌，其中25例患者获得完整随访资料，本研究对其进行进一步的分析。结果：14例冰冻病理为T1b期的胆囊癌患者仅2例石蜡病理为T1b期，其余11例为T2期，1例为T3期，冰冻病理误诊率为85.7%，石蜡病理均等于或高于冰冻病理分期；28例石蜡病理为T1b期的胆囊癌患者2例复核为T2期，石蜡病理误诊率为7.1%，复核结果均等于或高于原分期。25例复核明确且有完整随访资料患者术后病理均未见胆囊脉管内癌栓或神经侵犯，其中14例行根治手术患者送检淋巴结30枚，均未见癌转移。25例患者中11例仅行单纯胆囊切除术，其余14例追加腹腔镜或开腹根治手术，两组间生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.361）。仅1例行腹腔镜根治术及胆囊减压的患者发生腹腔种植转移，术后2年因广泛种植转移而死亡。结论：胆囊切除术中冰冻病理T1b期胆囊癌应行同期根治手术，术后石蜡病理T1b期胆囊癌应复核其T分期，对复核明确的T1b期胆囊癌需慎重评估追加根治手术的利弊，如果术中有胆囊破损建议积极化疗。

Objective： To explore the surgical strategies for the treatment of T1b gallbladder cancer patients diagnosed intraoperatively or postoperatively. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 42 patients with T1b gallbladder cancers was performed. There were 14 patients diagnosed intraoperatively and 28 patients diagnosed postoperatively. The reevaluations of T stages were conducted in the 28 T1b gallbladder cancer patients diagnosed postoperatively by the professional pathologist. After T stage reevaluation, 25 confirmed T1b patients with complete follow-up data were divided into simple cholecystectomy group and ra-dical resection group, and the clinicopathologic characteristics between the two groups were analyzed. Results: Only 2 of the 14 T1b gallbladder cancer patients diagnosed by the intraoperative frozen specimen proved to be T1b on postoperative paraffin pathology, and for the remaining 13 patients, T2 was in 11 patients, and T3 in one patient. The rate of misdiagnosis was 85.7% by the intraoperative frozen specimens, postoperative T stages were equal or higher than intraoperative T stages. Two of the 28 postoperatively diagnosed T1b patients were proved to be T2 after reevaluation, the rate of misdiagnosis was 7.1%, the reevaluated T stages were equal to or higher than the previous stages. Twenty-five confirmed T1b gallbladder cancer patients had complete follow-up data, 11 of whom underwent simple cholecystectomy and the remaining 14 radical resections. No patient had vessel or perineural invasion on pathology in the 25 confirmed T1b patients. Metastasis was absent in all the 30 lymph nodes examined, which achieved from 14 patients with radical resection. The survival rate after simple cholecystectomy was comparable to that after radical resection (P=0.361). Only one patient with radical resection had abdominal cavity implantation relapse, who received gallbladder compression during operation and 2 years later died from metastasis. Conclusion: Intraoperatively diagnosed T1b gallbladder cancer should receive radical resection. Reevaluation of the T stage is necessary and the initial step for postoperative diagnosed T1b gallbladder cancer patients. The pros and cons of radical surgery for definitive T1b patients should be carefully evaluated, and systemic chemotherapy is recommended for those with bile spillover.