目的：了解北京市中学生对药品安全的认知与行为现状，为开展针对性宣传教育提供依据。方法：在北京市中学生中采用分层整群等比例随机抽样抽取调查对象，进行自填式问卷调查。 结果：北京市中学生药品安全知识知晓率为74.4%，用药行为习惯评分中位数为4分（满分5分），二者呈统计学正相关（Spearman等级相关系数为0.156， P<0.001）。知晓率和用药行为评分在不同地区、学校类型、住宿类型学生中的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。多因素分析显示地区、学校类型和住宿类型与药品安全认知及行为有关。40.5%的学生知道抗生素不是抗病毒药，42.4%的学生会将过期药品放到专用回收箱，49.8%的学生在患常见病时会自行改变药量或服药次数。结论：北京市中学生对药品安全认知状况尚好，但在常见抗生素判断、过期药品处理、服药依从性等方面仍存在问题，需要借助有效的宣传方式进行科学的、针对性强的宣传教育，并重点加强郊区学校、职业学校和住校学生的宣教工作。

Objective： To understand the cognition and behavior of drug safety in Beijing middle school students and provide advice for relevant education. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using paper questionnaires was carried out on the student body of nine Beijing middle schools. Multi-stage proportionate stratified cluster sampling was adopted to enroll participants. In addition to demographic questions, the questionnaire included 17 questions assessing the cognition and behavior of safe drug use, prioritizing questions that aligned with the health education guideline for primary and secondary school students from Chinese Ministry of Education. Descriptive statistical methods were applied using the SAS 9.2 software. Results: Of the 4 220 students investigated, 2 097(49.7%) were males and 2 123(50.3%) were females. The average age was (14.3±1.7) years. 2 030(48.1%) students were from downtown areas, 1 511(35.8%) were from urban-rural linking areas and 679(16.1%) were from rural areas. Half (51.5%) of the respondents were junior high school students, and the others were from senior high schools (34.2%) and vocational high schools (14.3%). Most of the students (89.6%) lived off campus. The awareness rate of drug safety knowledge was 74.4%, the median score of drug safety behavior was 4 points (full score was 5 points) and there was a statistically positive correlation between the two (Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.156, P<0.001). Both the awareness rates and the drug safety behavior scores were statistically different among the students in different regions, different school types and different residence types (P<0.001). Multiple factors analysis demonstrated the correlation between the cognition degrees of both drug safety knowledge, behavior and the above factors. Of all the students, 80.4% agreed that any drug could have adverse drug reactions; 40.5% were aware that antibiotics couldn't kill viruses; as many as 49.6% mistook aspirin as antibiotic; 97.4% would read drug instructions before taking them; Only 42.4% put expired drugs into special recycling bins; 49.8% would deviate from the suggested dosage and frequency of their medication when they were sick with common diseases. Conclusion: Overall, the cognition of drug safety in Beijing middle school students is good, but problems still exist in medication adherence, the management of expired drugs and the antibiotics cognition, which need to be fixed through specific, pointed way of education. And more efforts should be made to improve the cognition in rural regions, vocational high schools and on campus students.