目的：观察并比较58S纳米生物活性玻璃（nano-sized 58S bioactive glass,nano-58S BG）和传统45S5生物活性玻璃（45S5 BG）促进兔顶骨临界骨缺损修复的效果。方法：在新西兰兔顶骨直径9 mm的贯通临界骨缺损中随机填入nano-58S BG或45S5 BG，空白对照组仅以血凝块充盈骨缺损。组织学切片组于术后4周和8周取材制作切片，HE染色和天狼星红苦味酸染色后观察；骨荧光磨片组分别于术后第14、28、42天皮下注射盐酸四环素、茜素红、钙黄绿素标记新生骨，8周取材制成硬组织磨片， 激光共聚焦显微镜下观察新骨形成范围，Image J软件定量分析。结果：4周时HE染色可见生物活性玻璃与周围组织紧密结合，未见急慢性炎症细胞浸润，nano-58S组和45S5组可见骨缺损边缘和中央均出现新骨，对照组中央未见新生骨；8周时nano-58S组新生骨多于45S5组和对照组，两个BG组新生骨可见与正常颅骨相同的中空结构，对照组新骨未见中空结构。天狼星红苦味酸染色可见nano-58S组Ⅰ型胶原分泌量大于45S5组和对照组。骨荧光磨片观察显示术后4～6周和6～8周nano58S组新骨形成范围分别为（29.4±4.48）μm和（35.3±3.74）μm，高于45S5组［（13.43±3.44） μm和（17.64±4.13） μm］和对照组［（5.88±2.92） μm和（6.07±3.02） μm，P<0.01］。结论：58S纳米生物活性玻璃促进兔顶骨临界骨缺损修复的效果优于传统的45S5生物活性玻璃。

Objective： To compare the osteogenic effects of a nano-sized 58S bioactive glass (nano-58S BG) and a traditional 45S5 bioactive glass(45S5 BG) in penetrating parietal critical bone defects. Methods: Critical bone defect with 9 mm diameter was created in the parietal bone of New Zealand rabbits. The bone defects were then filled with either nano-58S BG, or 45S5 BG, or nothing but the newly-formed blood clot as the blank control at random. For histological observation, specimens were gained 4 and 8 weeks after the surgery, sectioned and stained by HE. The amount of collagen type Ⅰ was observed with PicricSirius Red staining through polarimetry. To observe the new bone formation with fluorescence under the laser confocal microscope, we injected fluorescent markers 14, 28, and 42 days after the surgery. The markers were tetracycline hydrochloride, alizarin red and calcin individually in chronological order. Image J software was used to quantify the bone regeneration. Results: HE staining showed that BG particulates were integrated with the surrounding tissue without any inflammatory cells infiltration 4 weeks after surgery. New bone regeneration was observed both from the border and in the center of the defects in both BG groups. No bone regeneration in defect center was observed in control group. At the end of 8 weeks, there was more bone regeneration in nano-58S group compared with 45S5 group and control group. The structure of the new bone in BG groups was hollow, which was similar to the natural normal parietal bone. No hollow structure was observed in the new bone of control group. Picric-sirius Red polarimetry showed that more amount of collagen type Ⅰ was found in nano58S group than in either 45S5 or control group. The fluorescent observation of the hard tissue slices at the end of 8 weeks showed statistically larger scope and faster new bone formation in nano-58S group with (29.4±4.48) μm thickness from 4－6 weeks and (35.3±3.74) μm from 6－8 weeks compared with 45S5 group ［(13.43±3.44) μm and (17.64±4.13) μm］ and control group ［(5.88±2.92) μm and (6.07±3.02) μm, P<0.01］. Conclusion: Compared with the traditional 45S5 bioactive glass, 58S nanosized bioactive glass showed better osteogenic effect in bone regeneration in parietal bones of rabbits.