目的 分析原发性肾病综合征患儿糖皮质激素治疗致眼科不良反应的临床特点。方法 回顾性分析2014年6月至2016年6月间71例因原发性肾病综合征使用糖皮质激素治疗而引发高眼压、青光眼、白内障患儿的临床资料。结果 同期共收治1 580例原发性肾病综合征患儿,71例发生眼科不良反应,发生率为4.5%,男性41例、女性30例,平均起病年龄8(2,16)岁,其中66例高眼压,2例青光眼,2例高眼压合并白内障,1例青光眼合并白内障。用药至发病平均时间为157(6,420) d,不同性别、用药种类、用药方式、是否行甲泼尼龙冲击治疗组间,眼压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患儿年龄、体重指数、血压、累积剂量、日平均剂量、累积用药时间与糖皮质激素导致的眼压升高无明显相关性(P>0.05)。经治疗后眼压均控制到正常。结论 原发性肾病综合征患儿使用糖皮质激素后易出现眼部并发症,高眼压的发生与患儿的糖皮质激素易感性密切相关,需定期密切监测眼压情况。

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and side effects, with regard to glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension, glaucoma or cataract in children with primary nephrotic syndrome. Methods: Clinical data were collected and analyzed from 71 cases of primary nephrotic syndrome with glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension, glaucoma or cataract from Jun. 2014 to Jun. 2016. These children were hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital. Results: Totally 1 580 children with primary nephrotic syndrome were collected, glucocorticoid-induced complications in eyes were found in 71 cases, and the incidence was 4.5%. There were 66 cases with ocular hypertension, 2 cases with glucocorticoid glaucoma, 2 cases with glucocorticoid glaucoma combined with cataract, 1 case with high intraocular pressure combined with cataract. There were 41 boys and 30 girls with eye-related side effects caused by glucocorticoid. The average age of onset of glucocorticoid-induced eye adverse reactions in children with primary nephrotic syndrome in our research were 8 (2, 16) years. The average duration or interval time from glucocorticoid medication use to eye adverse effects was 157 (6, 420) days. No statistical significance was found in intraocular pressure between different genders, types of glucocorticoid, different route of glucocorticoid and whether methylprednisolone pulse treatment (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between age, body mass index, blood pressure, cumulative dosage, duration time of glucocorticoid, mean daily dosage and glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension (P>0.05). The ocular hypertension was controlled after treatment. Conclusion: Children with nephrotic syndrome after treatment of glucocorticoid are susceptible to ocular complications, and the occurrence of ocular hypertension is closely related to glucocorticoid susceptibility of the nephrotic children. Regular eye monitor is indispensable for the children suffering from primary nephrotic syndrome.