目的: 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗肾癌合并Mayo 0~2级静脉癌栓的安全性及可行性。方法: 回顾性分析北京大学第三医院泌尿外科2015年1月至2018年2月期间接受腹腔镜手术治疗的肾癌合并Mayo 0~2级静脉癌栓的58例病例,男51例,女7例,年龄29~82岁,0级20例,1级20例,2级18例,左侧22例,右侧36例。术前除外合并出血性疾病,心、肺功能不全,不能耐受麻醉及手术等手术禁忌证患者,完善相关检查后行手术治疗。结果: 58例肾肿瘤伴静脉癌栓患者的手术均顺利完成,其中完全腹腔镜手术50例,中转开放手术8例(中转开放的病例中7例合并2级癌栓,1例合并1级癌栓)。中转开放的主要原因是肿瘤巨大(其中最大者直径约16 cm)、粘连重、分离困难。术中根据患者的肿瘤方向、癌栓分级的不同情况采用了不同的手术方式和步骤。行肾癌根治联合腔静脉癌栓取出术者55例,行腔静脉节段性切除术者3例。手术时间132~557 min,术中出血量20~3 000 mL。术后组织病理类型:透明细胞癌51例,乳头状细胞癌2型5例,鳞状细胞癌1例,嫌色细胞癌1例。11例患者失访,47例随访1~36个月,其中有4例死亡(术后存活时间5~15个月,平均10.2个月)。结论: 肾癌合并Mayo 0~2级的静脉癌栓,可根据肿瘤、癌栓情况及术者腹腔镜手术的熟练程度,合理选择腹腔镜手术,制定手术方案,以使患者最大获益。

Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic treatment for renal carcinoma with Mayo 0-2 level venous thrombosis.Methods:From January 2015 to February 2018, 58 renal carcinoma cases with venous thrombus underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava thrombectomy in Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, of which, 51 cases were male, and 7 female, aged 29-82 years. According to the Mayo grade classification, 20 cases were level 0, 20 cases were level 1, and 18 cases were level 2, with left side being 22 cases, and right side 36 cases. The patients except for those complicated with hemorrhagic diseases, cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency, or those who could not tolerate anesthesia and surgical contraindications, underwent the operation after comprehensive examinations.Results:The 58 cases of renal tumor with venous tumor emboli were successfully completed with the surgeries, including 50 cases of totally laparoscopic surgery, 8 cases of laparoscopy surgery from convert to open (among the patients who were converted to open surgery, 7 were complicated with grade 2 tumor thrombus and 1 with grade 1 tumor thrombus). The main reasons for converting to open surgery were huge tumors (the largest of which was about 16 cm in diameter), severe adhesion and difficulty of separation. For different patients, different surgical methods and procedures were adopted according to the tumor direction and the different grade of tumor thrombus. Radical nephrectomy combined with vena cava tumor thrombus removal was performed in 55 cases and segmental resection of vena cava in 3 cases. The operation time was 132-557 min, and blood loss was 20-3 000 mL. Post-operative pathological types: 51 cases were clear cell carcinoma, 5 cases were type 2 of papillary carcinoma, 1 case was squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 case was chromophobe cell tumor. In the study, 47 cases were followed up for 1-36 months, and 4 cases died (the survival time was 5-15 months, with an average of 10.2 months).Conclusion:Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava thrombectomy is a reasonable choice for renal tumor with Mayo 0-2 level venous thrombosis. For diffe-rent tumor directions and different grades of tumor thrombus, an appropriate operation plan can give the maxim benefit to the patients with skillful surgeons.