目的: 分析食管癌患者手术后急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)的发生情况及相关危险因素。方法: 回顾性分析北京大学肿瘤医院重症医学科自2010年1月至2016年12月连续收治的422例食管癌手术患者,统计其术后ALI/ARDS的发生情况。以是否发生ALI/ARDS把患者分为ALI/ARDS组和对照组,对比分析两组间临床资料的差异,将差异有统计学意义的因素作为自变量进行Logistic后退法回归分析,探寻ALI/ARDS的独立危险因素。结果: 术后共有41例患者发生ALI/ARDS,占所有患者的9.7%(41/422),ALI/ARDS组与对照组在平均住院天数[(18.9±9.7) d vs. (14.8±3.6) d,P=0.011]、需要进行机械通气的患者比例[51.2%(21/41) vs. 9.4%(36/381),P<0.001]、院内死亡率[31.7%(13/41) vs. 5.0%(19/381),P<0.001]方面差异有统计学意义。单因素分析结果显示,吸烟史(P=0.064)、术前1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC)(P=0.020)、肺一氧化碳弥散量(diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide,DLCO)(P=0.011)、体重指数(body weight index,BMI)(P=0.044)、美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)麻醉风险分级(P=0.049)及术中单肺通气时间(P=0.008)在ALI/ARDS组与对照组之间差异有统计学意义。进一步行Logistic多因素回归分析显示,术前FEV1/FVC(OR=1.053,95%CI 1.010~1.098,P=0.016)、ASA分级(OR=2.392,95%CI 1.073~5.335,P=0.033)、术中单肺通气时间(min)(OR=0.994,95%CI 0.989~0.999,P=0.028)是食管癌术后发生ALI/ARDS的独立危险因素。结论: ALI/ARDS是食管癌术后不容忽视的严重并发症,一旦发生将明显增加患者的住院时间及死亡率,术前FEV1/FVC、ASA分级、术中单肺通气时间是食管癌术后发生ALI/ARDS的独立危险因素。术前对患者的充分评估和准备,术中控制单肺通气时间是预防食管癌术后ALI/ARDS发生的关键。

Objective: To explore the incidence and risk factors for the acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after resection of esophageal carcinoma.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 422 consecutive patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine with eso-phageal carcinoma undergoing esophagectomy from January 2010 to December 2016 in Peking University Cancer Hospital. ALI/ARDS were diagnosed, the patients were divided into ALI/ARDS group and control group without ALI/ARDS, the differences of clinical features were contrasted between the two groups, and the multivariate Logistic regression modeling was used to identify the independent risk factors for ALI/ARDS.Results:In the study, 41 ALI/ARDS cases were diagnosed, making up 9.7% (41/422) of all the enrolled patients undergoing esophagectomy. Comparisons of the ALI/ARDS group and the control group indicated significant statistical differences in the average length of their hospital stay [(18.9±9.7) d vs. (14.8±3.6) d, P=0.011], the proportion of the patients who needed mechanical ventilation support [51.2% (21/41) vs. 9.4% (36/381), P<0.001] and in-hospital mortality [31.7% (13/41) vs. 5.0% (19/381), P<0.001]. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the patients with ALI/ARDS and without ALI/ARDS in smoking history (P=0.064), preoperative forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) (P=0.020), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (P=0.011), body weight index (BMI) (P=0.044), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification (P=0.049) and one lung ventilation duration (P=0.008), while multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that preoperative FEV1/FVC (OR=1.053, P=0.016, 95%CI 1.010-1.098), ASA physical status classification (OR=2.392, P=0.033, 95%CI 1.073-5.335) and one lung ventilation duration (OR=0.994, P=0.028, 95%CI 0.989-0.999) were the independent risk factors for ALI/ARDS after esophagectomy.Conclusion:ALI/ARDS was a serious complication in patients undergoing esophagectomy associated with increment in length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that preoperative FEV1/FVC, ASA classification and one lung ventilation duration were the independent risk factors for ALI/ARDS after esophagectomy. Carefully assessing the patient before operation, shortening one lung ventilation duration were the key points in preventing ALI/ARDS after esophagectomy.