Clinical analysis of candidemia in immunocompetent patients
Received date: 2017-10-17
Online published: 2018-12-18
目的: 探讨非免疫缺陷宿主念珠菌血流感染的病原学与临床特点。方法: 回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年6月北京大学第三医院收治的念珠菌血流感染患者的临床与微生物学资料,比较非免疫缺陷与HIV阴性免疫缺陷宿主的基础疾病、念珠菌定植、临床表现、病原分布和药敏试验结果,以及治疗结局等方面的差异。结果: 62例患者纳入分析,男36例,女26例,年龄16~100岁,平均年龄(66.02±17.65)岁。非免疫缺陷与HIV阴性免疫缺陷宿主分别为30例和32例。非免疫缺陷宿主中,19例(19/30,63.33%)患者发生血流感染时入住重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU),21例(21/30,70.00%)合并糖尿病或高血糖未控制,22例(22/30,73.33%)接受有创机械通气,多于HIV阴性免疫缺陷者[分别为8/32(25.00%),13/32(40.63%),7/32(21.88%)];入院与发生念珠菌血流感染时急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ, APACHEⅡ)分别为(19.98±5.81)分和(25.61±6.52)分,序贯器官衰竭评分(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)分别为(6.04±6.14)分和(12.75±8.42)分,高于HIV阴性免疫缺陷者[APACHEⅡ分别为(15.09±5.82)分和(22.15±5.98)分,SOFA分别为(2.87±2.73)分和(7.66±5.64)分];粗死亡率(21/30,70.00%)较HIV阴性免疫缺陷者升高(14/32,43.75%),上述结果差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组血培养念珠菌属均以白色念珠菌最常见,患者临床表现、念珠菌定植指数、病原学分布与药敏试验结果等均相似(P>0.05)。结论: 非免疫缺陷宿主念珠菌血流感染多发生于入住ICU、病情更加危重患者,其糖尿病或未控制高血糖、接受有创机械通气患者更为突出,预后更差;其临床表现、微生物学特点等与HIV阴性免疫缺陷患者均相似。
丁艳苓 , 沈宁 , 周庆涛 , 贺蓓 , 郑佳佳 , 赵心懋 . 非免疫缺陷宿主念珠菌血流感染[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2018 , 50(6) : 1063 -1069 . DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2018.06.022
Objective: To investigate the etiological and clinical characteristics of immunocompetent patients with candidemia.Methods:The clinical and microbiological data of patients diagnosed as candidemia admitted in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2010 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Underlying diseases, Candida spp. colonization, clinical manifestations, microbiological data, treatment and the outcome were compared between the HIV-negative immunocompromised (IC) and nonimmunocompromised (NIC) patients.Results:A total of 62 cases diagnosed as candidemia were analyzed including 36 men and 26 women, with 16 to 100 years of age [(66.02±17.65) years]. There were 30 NIC and 32 HIV-negative IC patients respectively. In the NIC patients, there were 19 cases (19/30, 63.33%) with admission in intensive care unit (ICU), 21 (21/30, 70.00%) associated diabetes mellitus or uncontrolled hyperglycemia and 22(22/30,73.33%)receiving invasive mechanical ventilation,while in the HIV-negative IC patients, there were 8 (8/32, 25.00%),13 (13/32, 40.63%) and 7 (7/32, 21.88%) respectively (P<0.05). The NIC patients had higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHEⅡ) scores and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores both at admission (19.98±5.81, 6.04±6.14) and candidemia onset (25.61±6.52, 12.75±8.42) than the HIV-negative IC patients (APACHEⅡ 15.09±5.82, 22.15±5.98) and SOFA 2.87±2.73, 7.66±5.64 respectively (P<0.05). In the NIC patients, twenty-one cases (21/30, 70.00%) died in hospital,while 14 cases (14/32, 43.75%) in HIV-negative IC.The crude mortality was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). By blood culture, Canidia albicans remained the the most prevalent isolates in all the patients. Clinical manifestation, Candida spp. colonization, etiology and drug susceptibility were also similar between NIC and HIV-negative IC patients (P>0.05).Conclusion:Candidemia in NIC patients tends to occur in those who are much more critically ill, more often admitted in ICU, and more frequently have diabetes mellitus or uncontrolled hyperglycemia and receive invasive mechanical ventilation than HIV-negative IC patients. NIC patients also have poorer prognosis than HIV- negative IC patients. Clinical manifestations, and microbiological characteristics are similar between HIV- negative IC and NIC patients.
Key words： Candida; Candidemia; Immunocompetent patients; Clinical manifestation; Prognosis
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