目的 评估延长抗凝药物使用时间对静脉血栓栓塞症的预防效果,初步探索髋部骨折术后静脉血栓栓塞症的药物预防时限。方法 回顾性分析2017年11月至2018年10月就诊于北京大学人民医院的143例髋部骨折患者,分析抗凝药物使用时间与静脉血栓栓塞症发生率及用药期间出血发生率的关系,所有纳入研究的患者药物预防具体方案均按照2016版《中国骨科大手术静脉血栓栓塞症预防指南》建议执行,随访两组患者在骨折后5周内出现静脉血栓栓塞症情况及用药期间出血情况。静脉血栓栓塞症包括有症状及无症状的下肢深静脉血栓形成、肺动脉血栓栓塞症,所有出现下肢深静脉血栓的患者均需有血管彩超结果取得明确证据,以血管彩超结果为确定深静脉血栓形成的依据。出血情况包括但不限于消化道出血、伤口出血、颅内出血、椎管内血肿、眼底出血。结果 两组患者术后均未出现肺动脉血栓栓塞症,抗凝药物延长至术后2周组和4周组下肢深静脉血栓发病率分别为22.09%和8.77%(P=0.037),两组患者术后出现深静脉血栓形成的时间分别为术后(17.32±7.75) d和(29.20±0.17) d,两组患者抗凝药物使用期间均出现1例出血情况,用药期间出血发生率分别为1.16%和1.75%(P=0.769)。结论 抗凝药物使用时间延长至术后4周可显著降低术后静脉血栓栓塞症发病率,且不增加出血风险。存在出血风险的患者应仔细评估药物预防的风险及收益,选择最佳治疗方案。

Objective: To evaluate the prophylactic effect of extended-duration anticoagulant drugs on venous thromboembolism, and to explore the time of drug prevention for venous thromboembolism after hip fracture.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 143 patients undergoing hip fractures from November 2017 to October 2018 in Peking University People’s Hospital was conducted to investigate the relationship between the extended-duration anticoagulant drug and the morbidity of venous thromboembolism and bleeding during the treatment. All the drug prevention programs for the patients included in the study were implemented in accordance with the 2016 edition of the Guidelines for Prevention of Venous Thrombosis in Orthopaedic Surgery by Orthopaedic Society of Chinese Medical Association. The patients in the two groups were followed up for venous thromboembolism and bleeding during the medication within 5 weeks after the fracture. Venous thromboembolism included symptomatic and asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities, pulmonary thromboembolism, and all the patients with deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities required vascular ultrasound results to obtain clear evidence. The results of vascular ultrasound were the basis for determining deep venous thrombosis. Bleeding conditions were included, but not limited to gastrointestinal bleeding, wound bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, intraspinal hematoma, and fundus hemorrhage. Results: There were no pulmonary thromboembolism in both groups after surgery. The morbidity of deep venous thrombosis was 22.09% and 8.77% in the 2-week and 4-week groups (P=0.037), the time to deep venous thrombosis in the two groups was (17.32±7.75) days and (29.20±0.17) days after surgery. One case of bleeding occurred during the use of anticoagulant drugs in both groups, the morbidity of bleeding during the treatment was 1.16% and 1.75% (P=0.769), respectively.Conclusion: Extended-duration anticoagulant drugs to 4 weeks after surgery can significantly reduce the morbidity of postoperative venous thromboembolism, and does not increase the risk of bleeding. Patients with a risk of bleeding should carefully assess the risks and benefits of drug prevention and choose the best treatment.