目的:探讨下颌后缩伴颞下颌关节重度骨关节病患者正颌手术前的髁突表面骨质结构完整性对术后颌骨稳定性及髁突体积变化的影响。方法:选择2014年至2019年就诊于北京大学口腔医院诊断为下颌后缩畸形伴颞下颌关节重度骨关节病,并接受正颌手术且满足条件的患者37例进行回顾性分析,其中男性1例,女性36例,年龄(28.03±6.52)岁(21~34岁),依据术前髁突表面骨质情况分为表面光滑组和表面不光滑组,其中光滑组19例,不光滑组18例,分别于术前1周,术后1周、3个月、6个月及1年拍摄头颅侧位片及锥形束CT(cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT), 对头颅侧位片进行坐标系建立及头影测量分析明确术后颌骨稳定性,对CBCT进行三维重建分割获取髁突的三维模型及体积,评价术后髁突体积的变化,通过CBCT影像资料评估术后髁突骨质改变情况,明确术后髁突骨质改变与颌骨稳定性的相关性,应用SPSS 20.0软件,采用Fisher确切概率法、Spearman相关系数分析及Mann-Whitney检验对所获数据进行统计学分析。结果:术前髁突表面光滑组在术后3个月(T1)、术后6个月(T2)、术后12个月(T3)颌骨复发率分别为36.85%、47.37%、42.11%,术前髁突表面不光滑组T1、T2、T3颌骨复发率分别为27.78%、44.44%、55.56%,两组在各时间段的复发率差异无统计学意义,术前髁突表面光滑组与不光滑组在各时间段的髁突体积的变化差异无统计学意义,不光滑组术后3个月的髁突进展与颌骨的稳定性有相关性。结论:对于下颌后缩伴颞下颌关节重度骨关节病且术前观察髁突一年无显著变化者,术前髁突表面是否光滑对于术后颌骨的稳定性没有确切影响,对于术前髁突不光滑的重度骨关节病患者,术后3个月出现髁突吸收会引起正颌术后颌骨位置的不稳定,术前髁突表面是否光滑对术后髁突体积的改建没有明确的影响。

Objective: To investigate the effect of preoperative condylar condition for mandible retrognathism deformities with severe temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis on the stability of the jaw after orthognathic surgery and on the postoperative condylar volume changes. Methods: In this retrospective study, from 2014 to 2019, 37 patients including 1 male and 36 female, aged between 21 to 34 years old with an average age of (28.03±6.52) years, were diagnosed with mandible retrognathism deformities with severe temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis by Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and received orthognathic surgery, meeting the inclusion criteria were included. According to the preoperative condylar condition. There were divided into smooth group and non-smooth group, the lateral cephalometric films 1 week (T0), 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2) and 1 year (T3) after surgery were used to establish the coordinate system and cephalometric analysis to determine the stability of the jaw after operation. The three-dimensional model of the condyle was segmented by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) 1 week (T0), 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2) and 1 year (T3) after surgery and the volume was obtained to evaluate the change of the condyle volume after surgery. CBCT image data was used to evaluate the changes of the condylar condition after surgery, and to clarify the correlation between the postoperative condylar condition and jaw stability. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis, Fisher’s exact probability methods were used to compare whether there were statistically significant differences in the stability of the mandibular joint at stages T1, T2 and T3 with different preoperative condylar condition.Spearman correlation coefficient analysis and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare whether there were statistically significant differences in the volume changes at stages T1, T2 and T3 after surgery between the two groups. Results: The recurrence rates of the mandible in the condylar smooth group were T1 36.85%, T2 47.37% and T3 42.11%, respectively. The recurrence rates in the non-smooth condylar group were T1 27.78%, T2 44.44% and T3 55.56%, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the recurrence rates between the two groups at different time points. There was no significant difference in the condylar volume change between smooth group and non-smooth group. Conclusion: For patients with mandible retrognathism deformities with severe temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis and no significant changes in the condyle observed for one year before surgery, there is no difference in the influence of the preoperative condylar condition on the stability of jaw after operation, and no definite influence on the volume of the condyle after operation. Condylar resorption 3 months after surgery can cause instability of the jaw after orthognathic surgery.