目的: 建立数字化辅助确定再定位牙合垫颌位的方法,并在体外评价此方法的精度以及垂直距离升高量对精度的影响。方法: 招募受试者1例,获取上下颌光学牙列模型、锥形束CT(cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)牙颌图像、下颌运动数据,融合光学牙列模型与重建的CBCT模型,并将融合后的模型配准到下颌运动数据的参考系。根据受试者前牙开口3 mm和矢状位上髁突位于关节窝中部确定再定位牙合垫的颌位,进行计算机辅助设计并3D打印制作再定位牙合垫。受试者试戴牙合垫后拍摄CBCT,观察比较戴入后的髁突位置与设计时的髁突位置。体外模型实验中,灌制一副标准全牙列石膏模型,在底座上粘固标志球体,模型于牙尖交错位上全可调牙合架。扫描模型建立数字化牙列模型,使用超声下颌运动轨迹描记仪记录牙合架上模拟的下颌运动并重复3次。融合牙列模型与下颌运动数据,基于下颌运动数据辅助确定3个颌位,分别为切点沿运动轨迹升高4 mm、5 mm、6 mm且下颌均前伸2 mm,保存设计颌位为STL格式数据,设计并3D打印制作再定位牙合垫。将再定位牙合垫戴入石膏牙列模型进行 3次颌位扫描,获得扫描颌位的STL格式数据。以下颌模型为共同区域配准设计颌位与扫描颌位,比较上颌模型的均方根误差。拟合设计颌位与扫描颌位上颌标志球的球心坐标,计算球心在X、Y、Z轴方向上的差值绝对值。采用SPSS 18.0软件进行单因素方差分析,双侧检验,显著性水平α取0.05。结果: 利用多源数据融合和个体下颌运动,建立数字化辅助确定再定位牙合垫颌位的方法,右侧髁突实现了预期的调整,左侧髁突较预期位置偏前下。体外模型实验中,扫描颌位与设计颌位上颌模型的整体偏差(均方根误差)为(0.25±0.04) mm,不同垂直距离升高量的偏差大小差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。标志球球心在X、Y、Z轴方向的偏差(差值绝对值)分别为(0.08±0.01) mm、(0.30±0.02) mm、(0.21±0.04) mm,不同垂直距离升高量的偏差大小差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论: 建立了数字化辅助确定再定位牙合垫颌位的新方法,实现多源数据融合、数字化设计与制作并完成个体试戴,证明此方法可行。体外模型研究表明此方法可以实现较为精确的颌位调整,其应用效果尚需进一步临床研究评价。

Objective: To establish the workflow of determining the jaw position of repositioning splint with the aid of digital technique, and to evaluate the accuracy of this workflow and compare the accuracy of raising different vertical dimensions in vitro.Methods: A volunteer was recruited. The data of full-arch scans, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image and ultrasonic jaw motion tracking of the volunteer were acquired. The full-arch scans were merged with the CBCT image, which were then matched to the jaw motion tracking reference system. The jaw position of repositioning splint was determined when the anterior teeth opening was 3 mm and the condyle was in centric relation of the fossa in the sagittal plane. A digital repositioning splint was designed in the software based on virtual articulator and fabricated with additive manufacturing technique. After the splint was tried in, another CBCT image was taken and a qualitative analysis was conducted to compare the position of condyle between these two CBCT images. In the in vitro study, standard dental plaster casts with resin ball markers attached to the base were mounted onto a fully adjustable articulator in the intercuspal position. The dental casts were scanned by an extraoral scanner to establish digital models. The ultrasonic jaw motion tracking device was used to obtain simulated jaw movements on the articulator, which was repeated for three times. The digital models and data of jaw movements were merged in one coordination with the aid of bite forks. The jaw position of repositioning splint was determined by adjusting data of jaw movements, each of which was used to determine three vertical jaw positions 4 mm, 5 mm, and 6 mm with the horizontal jaw position of protrusion 2 mm. The virtual articulators with differently adjusted jaw movements were applied in designing repositioning splints, and the final repositioning splints and virtual jaw relationships were exported in STL format. Then the repositioning splints were fabricated with additive manufacturing technique and tried in plaster casts on the mechanical articulator, which were scanned and the jaw relationships on the mechanical articulator were exported later. The virtual jaw relationships and scanned jaw relationships were registered according to lower models and displacement of upper models was calculated. Ball markers were fit to acquire the coordinates of centers and absolute difference values of centers along three coordinating axes X, Y, and Z were calculated. One-way analysis of variance was conducted using SPSS 18.0 software to compare deviations of the three different vertical jaw relationships in two-side test and the significance level was 0.05.Results: With the aid of multi-source data fusion and individualized jaw motion, the clinical workflow of determining jaw position of repositioning splint was preliminarily established. The designed jaw position was realized on the right and the condyle was more inferior than the designed position on the left. Both displacement of the upper models and absolute difference values of centers showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in different vertical jaw dimensions. The displacement of the upper models was (0.25±0.04) mm. The absolute difference values of centers along the three coordinating axes X, Y, and Z were respectively (0.08±0.01) mm, (0.30±0.02) mm, and (0.21±0.04) mm.Conclusion: A novel method of determining the jaw position of repositioning splint with the aid of digital technique is established. It is proved to be feasible by try-in after multi-data fusion, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing. As is shown in vitro, it is accurate to apply this method in adjusting jaw position. Further clinical trial will be designed to evaluate its clinical effect.