目的: 研究荞麦、燕麦、豌豆(质量比为6 ∶1 ∶1)复配式杂粮(buckwheat-oat-pea composite flour, BOP)对糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响。方法: 64只雄性SD大鼠按照空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG)和体质量分为8组,包括空白对照组、模型对照组、二甲双胍组、荞麦组、燕麦组、低剂量组(BOP-L)、中剂量组(BOP-M)、高剂量组(BOP-H)。空白对照组大鼠喂养基础饲料,模型对照组和二甲双胍组大鼠喂养高脂饲料,荞麦组、燕麦组、BOP-L、BOP-M、BOP-H组大鼠分别喂养含10%(质量分数)荞麦粉、10%(质量分数)燕麦粉、3.3%(质量分数)BOP、10%(质量分数)BOP、30%(质量分数)BOP的高脂饲料,各组高脂饲料的脂肪供能比均为45%。30 d后,高脂饲料喂养大鼠腹腔注射30 mg/kg链脲佐菌素(每周一次,连续两周)建立糖尿病模型。模型建立成功后,继续喂养28 d。实验期间定期观察各组大鼠体质量、单位体质量进食量及饮水量、食物利用率、24 h尿量、FBG、血糖曲线下面积(glucose area under curve, GAUC)。实验结束时,检测空腹股动脉血清血糖及胰岛素,计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR)。结果: 经过高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素诱导,与空白对照组相比,模型对照组大鼠单位体质量进食量及饮水量、24 h尿量、FBG、GAUC、HOMA-IR均明显升高(P<0.05),体质量、食物利用率降低(P<0.05)。与模型对照组相比,三个BOP组大鼠体质量、食物利用率均出现显著升高(P<0.05),单位体质量饮水量及HOMA-IR显著降低(P<0.05);BOP-L及BOP-M组大鼠单位体质量进食量、24 h尿量及FBG显著降低(P<0.05),BOP-M组大鼠GAUC也显著降低(P<0.05)。造模成功后,三个BOP组与荞麦组或燕麦组大鼠血糖等指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论: BOP具有降低糖尿病大鼠血糖和胰岛素抵抗,减轻糖尿病症状的作用,具有进一步开发利用的价值。

Objective: To study the effects of buckwheat-oat-pea (BOP) composite flour [buckwheat ∶oats ∶peas=6 ∶1 ∶1 (quality ratio)] on blood glucose in diabetic rats. Methods: In this study, 64 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups by fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight: normal control group, model control group, metformin group, buckwheat group, oats group, BOP low-dose group (BOP-L), medium-dose group (BOP-M), and high-dose group (BOP-H). The rats in the normal control group were fed with normal diet, the rats in the model control group and metformin group were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), and the rats in the buckwheat group, oats group, and BOP-L, BOP-M, BOP-H groups were fed with HFD containing 10% buckwheat flour, 10% oat flour, 3.3% BOP, 10% BOP, 30% BOP, respectively. The HFD in all the groups had the same percentage of energy from fat (45%). After 30 days, the rats fed with HFD received intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, once a week for two weeks) to establish diabetes mellitus. After the model was successful established, the rats were fed for another 28 days. During the study, the body weight, food intake/body weight (FI/BW) and water intake/body weight (WI/BW), food utilization rate, 24 h urine volume, FBG, glucose area under curve (GAUC) of oral glucose tolerance test were measured regularly. At the end of the study, the fasting serum glucose and insulin were measured, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Results: With the inducing of HFD and streptozotocin, compared with the normal control group, the rats in the model control group had higher FI/BW, WI/BW, 24 h urine volume, FBG, GAUC, HOMA-IR (P<0.05), and lower body weight, food utilization rate (P<0.05). Compared with the model control group, the rats in the three BOP groups all had higher body weight, food utilization rate (P<0.05), and lower WI/BW, HOMA-IR (P<0.05); the rats in the BOP-L and BOP-M groups had lower FI/BW, 24 h urine volume, FBG (P<0.05), and the rats in the BOP-M group also had lower GAUC (P<0.05). After the establishment of diabetes, there was no significant difference in blood glucose and the other indicators between the rats in the three BOP groups and the buckwheat group or the oats group (P>0.05). Conclusion: The BOP had the effects of reducing blood glucose, insulin resistance and diabetic symptoms on diabetic rats, and had the value for further development and utilization.