目的: 对育儿胜任感量表在中国学龄前儿童母亲中应用的信效度进行检验,探究北京市延庆区学龄前儿童母亲的育儿胜任感现状。方法: 采用方便样本对1 384名学龄前儿童母亲进行调查,运用SPSS 21.0和Mplus 7.4软件进行统计分析,检验量表的结构效度、效标关联效度、内部一致性和分半信度,分析量表使用的得分情况及其影响因素。结果: 探索性因子分析显示,量表的各条目在效能或满意度维度上的载荷均大于0.4,且无双载荷现象。验证性因子分析显示,效能分量表和满意度分量表的因子负荷为0.212~0.843(P<0.05),模型拟合优度检验显示各拟合指数均在可接受范围内。总量表、效能分量表、满意度分量表均与抑郁自评呈显著负相关,与一般自尊呈显著正相关。总量表、效能分量表和满意度分量表的Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.872、0.802和0.874,总量表的Spearman-Brown系数为0.851。总量表、效能分量表、满意度分量表的平均得分分别为(72.33±11.31)分、(35.54±5.91)分、(36.79±7.11)分,得分受母亲文化程度、家庭年收入的影响。结论: 育儿胜任感量表在中国学龄前儿童母亲中具有良好的信效度,可以作为衡量中国学龄前儿童母亲育儿胜任感、自我感知效能及满意度的测评工具。北京市延庆地区学龄前儿童母亲的育儿胜任感较好,可能与纳入本研究的母亲的文化程度、家庭年收入较高有关。

Objective: To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of parenting sense of competence scale (PSOC) in Chinese mothers of preschool children, and to explore the perception of preschool children’s mothers on their own parenting skills and their comfort of being a parent in Yanqing District of Beijing. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sample in 1 384 preschool children’s mothers in Yanqing District of Beijing. SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 7.4 software were used for statistical analysis to test the structural validity, criterion related validity, internal consistency and split half reliability of the scale, and to analyze the score of the scale and its influencing factors. Results: The PSOC had good reliability and validity. Exploratory factor analysis showed that each item of the PSOC had more than 0.4 factor loading in efficacy factor or satisfaction factor, and there was no double load phenomenon. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings ranged from 0.212 to 0.843 in efficacy factor and satisfaction factor, respectively. The goodness of fit test showed that all the fitting indexes were within the acceptable range, and the correlation between the effectiveness subscale and the satisfaction subscale was high. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the whole scale, the efficacy subscale and the satisfaction subscale were 0.872, 0.802, and 0.874, respectively. The Spearman-Brown coefficient of PSOC was 0.851. The average score of the whole scale, the efficacy subscale, and the satisfaction subscale were 72.33±11.31, 35.54±5.91, and 36.79±7.11, respectively, and the score of parenting competence in Chinese mothers of preschool children was influenced by the mother’s educational level and the annual income of her family. Conclusion: The PSOC has satisfactory reliability and validity in Chinese mothers of preschool children. It can be used as an evaluation instrument for measuring the parenting competency, self perceived efficacy and satisfaction in the mainland Chinese mothers of preschool children. The competency of preschool children’s mothers in Yanqing District of Beijing is very good, which may be related to the higher education level of the mothers and the higher annual income of their families in this study.