目的: 对比分析大众滑雪场休闲滑雪者损伤和滑雪运动员比赛中急性运动损伤的差异,探讨针对这两类滑雪者的医疗保障服务建议。方法: 选择2018-2019和2019-2020雪季在河北张家口市崇礼区万龙滑雪场和富龙滑雪场这两个大型滑雪场的休闲滑雪者运动损伤情况与2019-2020雪季两项正式国际滑雪比赛及2021年冬奥会崇礼赛区国内测试赛受伤的滑雪运动员资料进行回顾性分析,比较其异同。结果: 2018-2019雪季两个休闲滑雪场共发生休闲滑雪者运动损伤1 187例,损伤率为0.3%;共有1 277个受伤部位,分析其受伤部位计次最多的是头颈部230例(18.0%), 其次为膝关节204例(16.0%)和下肢131例(10.3%)。2019-2020与2020-2021雪季两项正式滑雪国际比赛及2021年冬奥会国内测试赛共发生滑雪运动员损伤31例,其损伤率分别为11.5%、17.2%和12.0%;共有37个受伤部位,其中最多的是头颈部11例(29.7%), 其次为膝关节6例(16.2%)和胸肋腹部5例(13.6%)。结论: 为更好地保障滑雪人群安全和对运动损伤者及时提供相应医疗帮助,对于休闲滑雪的滑雪场,应增加安全设施与技术指导,滑雪场内设置医疗站。在正式滑雪比赛期间,因滑雪运动员在比赛期间损伤率比休闲滑雪高30~80倍,且与休闲滑雪相比,头颈部受伤比例更高,损伤更急且病情更重,需要更完备的急救设施和有经验的医务工作者提供医疗保障服务,所以赛场内应配备赛道内医疗点和赛道外固定医疗站,其周边的转诊医院应设立创伤中心,为运动员提供更及时的医疗保障服务。

Objective: To compare and analyze the difference between the injuries of recreational skiers in public ski resorts and those of skiing athletes in official competitions, and to explore the suggestions of medical insurance for these two types of skiers. Methods: The injury data of recreational skiers in Chongli District, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 snow seasons, and the injury data of skiers in two official international skiing competitions during 2019-2020 snow season and domestic test events in Chongli District of 2021 Winter Olympic Games were analyzed retrospectively, and the similarities and differences were compared. Results: A total of 1 187 injuries occurred to recreational skiers in the two public ski resorts during the 2018-2019 snow season, with an injury rate of 0.3%.There were 1 277 injury sites in total, and the most frequent injury sites were head and neck (230 cases, 18.0%), followed by knee joint (204 cases, 16.0%) and lower extremity (131 cases, 10.3%). Thirty-one skiers were injured in the two official international skiing competitions in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 snow season, and in the domestic test competitions in the 2021 Winter Olympic Games, and the injury rates were 11.5%, 17.2% and 12.0%, respectively. There were 37 injury sites in total, among which 11 (29.7%) were in the head and neck, followed by 6 (16.2%) in the knee joint and 5 (13.6%) in the chest, rib and abdomen. Conclusion: In order to better guarantee the safety of skiers and timely provide corresponding medical help, safety facilities and technical guidance should be added to the snow resort for leisure skiing, and medical stations should be set up in the snow resort. As the formal ski racing for skiing athletes during the game has 30 to 80 times higher injury ratesthan recreational skiers, and compared with the recreational skiing, head and neck injury rate is higher, and the damage is much heavier, more complete first aid facilities and experienced medical workers are, needed so the field should be equipped with the circuit inside the quantities, track fixed outside the clinic, surrounding referral hospitals set up trauma centers to provide athletes with more timely medical care.