目的: 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情前后北京市某综合医院儿科门诊患儿就诊量变化及其特点。方法: 选择2018年1月1日至2020年12月31日在北京清华长庚医院信息系统(hospital information system, HIS)中有挂号登记的年龄0~16岁的儿科门诊患儿病例资料进行回顾,分析疫情前后就诊量,重点是呼吸道感染(包括流感)就诊量的变化及其与年龄、季度分布的关系。结果: (1)2018年和2019年的门诊量中呼吸道感染均为主要就诊原因(分别占60.6%和60.5%), 而2020年的门诊患者中以非呼吸道感染为主,呼吸道感染仅占47.4%。2020年的呼吸道感染疾病、呼吸道传染病尤其是流感的就诊量较2018年和2019年均显著下降(P<0.05);(2)每年呼吸道感染就诊者中均以婴幼儿占比最高,学龄期儿童最少(P<0.05), 且均为第四季度最高。不同于2018年和2019年,2020年第二季度呼吸道感染就诊量显著下降,年内各季度间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)每年呼吸道传染病均以流感为主,且均为第一季度就诊量最高, 与年内其他季度相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同于2018和2019年全年均有散发流感病例,2020年的流感病例全部发生在第一季度,且99%集中在1月份。结论: COVID-19疫情后北京某综合医院儿科门诊呼吸道感染尤其流感的就诊量较疫情前显著下降,这与疫情后人们的生活方式和个人防护密不可分。建议在冬春季加强对儿童呼吸道感染及流感预防的健康宣教,促进养成良好的呼吸道和手卫生习惯。

Objective: To analyze the changes and characteristics of pediatric outpatient visits in a general hospital before and after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. Methods: Based on the registration data of pediatric outpatient visits in the information system (HIS)of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, from January 1 2018 to December 31 2020, aged 0 to 16 years,we analyzed the changes of outpatient visits before and after the epidemic, focusing on respiratory infection including influenza. The relationship between the outpatient visits and age and quarterly distribution were also studied. Results: (1)Respiratory infection accounted for the majority of outpatient visits in 2018 and 2019 (60.6% and 60.5%, respectively). Non-respiratory infection accounted for the main proportion of outpatient visits in 2020, while respiratory infection accounted for only 47.4%. Annual respiratory infection visits, respiratory infectious diseases visits especially influenza visits all decreased significantly in 2020 compared with that in 2018 and 2019 (P<0.05). (2)Respiratory infection visits were highest in the infant group, lowest in the school age group (P<0.05) and highest in the fourth quarter each year. It decreased significantly in the second quarter of 2020 with statistical significance when compared with the other quarters of 2020(P<0.05). (3)Influenza accounted for the highest proportion of respiratory infectious diseases visits in each year. It was highest in first quarter, which was significantly different from the other quarters of the year (P<0.05). There were different distributions of influenza visits throughout 2018 and 2019, while it was only distributed in the first quarter and 99% in January in 2020. Conclusion: The respiratory infection and influenza visits have decreased significantly in our pediatric outpatient department after the COVID-19 epidemic,which is considered closely related to the lifestyle and personal protection after the epidemic. It is recommended that health education on respiratory infection and influenza prevention should be strengthened, especially in winter and spring, to promote the development of good respiratory and hand hygiene habits.