目的: 探究我国18岁及以上人群家庭健康功能、大五人格与吸烟行为的关系。方法: 选取《2021年中国家庭健康指数调查报告》中18岁及以上人群作为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、家庭健康量表简版、大五人格量表简版收集信息，采用二分类Logistic回归分析人口学特征、家庭健康功能、大五人格对吸烟行为的影响情况。结果: 纳入的18岁及以上人群共10 315例，其中有2 171例吸烟者，吸烟率为21.05%，男性吸烟率为41.76%，女性吸烟率为3.69%，城市吸烟率为20.03%，农村吸烟率为23.77%。吸烟者在总体家庭健康功能、家庭内部情感交流、家庭健康生活方式、家庭健康资源、家庭外部社会支持以及宜人性、神经质、开放性中的得分低于不吸烟者，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年龄>35岁、文化程度低、离异是我国成人吸烟的危险因素(P < 0.05)；女性、未婚、核心家庭、家庭内部情感交流良好、家庭健康资源丰富、人格特质为宜人性、神经质、开放性是我国成人吸烟的保护因素(P < 0.05)。结论: 除性别、年龄、常住地、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入、家庭类型等吸烟的传统影响因素外，家庭健康功能及大五人格亦是我国成人吸烟行为的影响因素。今后可针对不同人群家庭健康功能状况及人格的多样性，采取个性化的控烟措施。

Objective: To explore the relation of smoking status to family health and personality traits in residents aged over 18 years in China by binary Logistic regression analysis, to identify the psychosocial factors that influence tobacco use, and to provide evidence to predict smoking susceptibility based on personality traits and prevent smoking at individual and family levels. Methods: Residents aged over 18 years in China were selected from "the Survey of Chinese Family Health Index (2021)". General characteristic questionnaire, short-form of family health scale, 10-item big five inventory were used to collect sociodemographic information, family health function and personality traits. And the relation of smoking status to family health and personality traits were analyzed by binary Logistic regression analysis. Results: Totally 10 315 adults were collected, of whom there were 2 171 smokers. The smoking rate was 21.05%, 41.76% of the residents were male, 3.69% female, 20.03% urban, 23.77% rural, 12.60% aged between 18 and 35 years, 27.11% aged between 36 and 59 years, 34.35% aged over 60 years, and the smoking rate varied in gender, location, age, education, marital status, family types, and average household monthly income (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the scores of family health, family social and emotional health processes, family healthy lifestyle, family health resources, family external social support, agreeableness, openness, and neuroticism among smokers were lower than those of the non-smokers (P < 0.05). The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the residents over 35 years old, with low educational level and divorced were the risk factors to smoking (P < 0.05), while female, unmarried, nuclear family, high scores of family social and emotional health processes and family health resources, openness, neuroticism, and agreeableness were the protective factors to smoking (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Besides gender, age, location, education, marital status, family types and average household monthly income, family health, and personality traits were also important factors influencing smoking status. Tobacco control based on personality traits and family health is essential, and more convincing research is necessary to determine the relation of tobacco use, tobacco dependence and smoking cessation to family health and personality traits.