目的: 基于生物信息数据分析及免疫组织化学染色，探究上尿路尿路上皮癌(upper tract urothelial carcinoma，UTUC)患者脂肪因子表达水平与临床病理特征及预后的相关性。方法: 纳入研究的脂肪因子包括脂联素(adiponectin，AdipoQ)、瘦素(leptin，LEP)、白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-6、IL-10及各脂肪因子的受体(AdipoR1、AdipoR2、LEPR、IL-6R、IL-10RA、IL-10RB)。选取2014年1月至2021年4月在北京大学人民医院接受手术治疗的UTUC患者组织标本进行免疫组织化学染色，使用H-Score评估表达水平，同时回顾性收集患者临床数据并进行随访。从基因表达数据库(Gene Expression Omnibus database，GEO)GSE134292数据集中下载UTUC患者“转录组测序”数据进行对比。采用t检验比较非肌层浸润肿瘤与肌层浸润性肿瘤组间脂肪因子表达水平的差异，采用Cox回归分析和Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析两队列中患者预后指标的独立预测因素，双侧P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果: 共选取UTUC患者的组织切片63例，免疫组织化学染色结果表明AdipoQ(P=0.003 6)、AdipoR1(P=0.006 5)、LEP(P=0.007 7)、IL-10(P=0.006 9)、IL-10RA(P=0.008 9)在肌层浸润性肿瘤中呈高表达。同时纳入了GSE134292数据集中的57例UTUC患者，AdipoR1(P=0.000 4)、AdipoR2(P=0.000 4)、IL-6(P=0.005 0)、IL-10(P=0.001 7)、IL-10RA(P=0.008 1)在肌层浸润性肿瘤中呈高表达。生存曲线及多因素分析结果显示，IL-10RA高表达是无膀胱复发生存的独立保护因素(P=0.044，HR=0.996，95%CI：0.992~0.998)，GSE134292队列数据也同样验证了这一点(P=0.014，HR=0.515，95%CI：0.304~0.873)。结论: AdipoQ、AdipoR1、IL-10及IL-10RA在肌层浸润性肿瘤中呈高表达，表明AdipoQ和IL-10及其受体参与肿瘤进展过程。IL-10RA高表达是UTUC患者术后无膀胱复发生存的保护性因素，预示其在肿瘤复发中发挥重要作用。

Objective: To investigate the correlation between expression levels of adipokine and clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) based on immunohistochemical staining and bioinformatics analysis. Methods: The 8 adipokines in this study included adiponectin (AdipoQ), leptin (LEP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and their receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2, LEPR, IL-6R, IL-10RA, IL-10RB). Tissue samples of patients with UTUC who underwent surgical treatment in Peking University People's Hospital from January 2014 to April 2021 were selected for immunohistochemical staining. Their quantitative gene expression data were calculated by H-Score, and relevant clinical and follow-up data were collected retrospectively. Transcription group sequencing data of UTUC patients in Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE134292 dataset) were downloaded for comparison. Chi-square test or t-test was used to compare the expression level of adipokine between non-muscle invasive group and muscle invasive group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curve were utilized to analyze independent predictors of overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), intravesical recurrence-free survival (IVRFS) in the both cohorts. The P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the study, 63 tissue samples of the patients with UTUC who underwent surgical treatment in Peking University People's Hospital and 57 UTUC patients in GSE134292 dataset were selected. In immunohistochemical cohort, the expressions of AdipoQ (P=0.003 6), AdipoR1 (P=0.006 5), LEP (P=0.007 7), IL-10 (P=0.006 9), and IL-10RA (P=0.008 9) were statistically higher in muscle invasive group. In GSE134292 cohort, the expressions of AdipoR1 (P=0.000 4), AdipoR2 (P=0.000 4), IL-6 (P=0.005 0), IL-10 (P=0.001 7), and IL-10RA (P=0.008 1) were statistically higher in muscle invasive group. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high IL-10RA expression was an independent predictive factor of IVRFS (P=0.044, HR=0.996, 95%CI: 0.992-0.998) in immunohistochemical cohort, which was confirmed in GSE134292 cohort (P=0.014, HR=0.515, 95%CI: 0.304-0.873). Conclusion: The expression levels of AdipoQ, AdipoR1, IL-10, and IL-10RA were correlated with tumor stage, suggesting that these adipokines played important roles in tumor progression. IL-10RA was an independent predictor of IVRFS, suggesting that IL-10 and its receptor played a critical role in tumor recurrence.