目的: 总结药物相关颌骨骨坏死(medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, MRONJ)标本病理特点，结合患者不同手术方案治疗效果进行综合分析，为临床工作中有效治疗MRONJ提供思路。方法: 收集2014年6月至2015年12月北京大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科采用颌骨刮治术和颌骨区段截骨术进行治疗的23例MRONJ患者临床病理资料，总结MRONJ病理特点，并结合手术治疗方式，探讨基于病理表现特征下的临床治疗策略。MRONJ诊断标准和疾病分期依据2014年美国口腔颌面外科学会专家共识进行判定。结果: 本组患者5例采用颌骨区段截骨治疗，均为Ⅲ期；18例采用颌骨刮治治疗，其中Ⅱ期5例，Ⅲ期13例。5例颌骨区段截骨术的MRONJ标本病理特征从浅至深分为炎症区、骨硬化区、骨反应带，为更好分析颌骨刮治术的标本病理表现特征，我们将仅包括炎症区的表现定义为Ⅰ类病理特征，包括炎症区和骨硬化区的表现定义为Ⅱ类病理特征，而包括炎症区、骨硬化区和骨反应带的表现定义为Ⅲ类病理特征。18例颌骨刮治术患者病理特征分布如下：Ⅰ类38.9%(7/18)，Ⅱ类44.4%(8/18)，Ⅲ类16.7%(3/18)。5例患者采用颌骨区段截骨术治疗，术后完全愈合。18例患者采用颌骨刮治术治疗，术后完全愈合的患者中病理特征分别为Ⅰ类2例，Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类各1例；而术后出现MRONJ复发的患者中病理特征分别为Ⅰ类5例，Ⅱ类7例和Ⅲ类2例。结论: MRONJ病变由浅至深的病理表现可分为炎症区、骨硬化区、骨反应带；颌骨刮治术治疗MRONJ复发的常见原因可能为术中未充分去除骨硬化区，而遗留的骨硬化区可能阻断了骨创愈合所需要的血运、营养因子及间充质干细胞。

Objective: To summarize the pathological characteristics of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) specimens after jaw curettage or jaw osteotomy treatment and to comprehensively analyze the relationship between the different pathological features, treatment methods, and treatment effects to provide new ideas for effective treatment of MRONJ in clinical work. Methods: The clinical and pathological data were collected from 23 patients with MRONJ who were treated with curettage (18 patients) and jaw osteotomy (5 patients) at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Peking University Hospital of Stomatology between June 2014 and December 2015. The pathological characteristics of MRONJ were summarized and analyzed with treatment effects based on various surgical treatment methods. The diagnostic criteria and disease staging of MRONJ were determined according to the 2014 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon's Position Paper. Results: In this study, 5 patients have treated with jaw segmental osteotomy, and all of them were in stage Ⅲ; the other 18 patients were treated with jaw curettage, including 5 patients in stage Ⅱ and 13 patients in stage Ⅲ. The pathological features of MRONJ in five cases of jaw segmental osteotomy were divided into three adjacent regions from shallow to deep: inflammation region (IR), sclerosis region (SR), and bone remodeling layer (BRL). Moreover, three types of pathological features of specimens from traditional curettage were defined as type 1 (IR), type 2 (IR + SR), and type 3 (IR + SR + BRL). The pathological features of the patients treated with jaw curettage were: type Ⅰ, 38.9% (7/18); type Ⅱ, 44.4% (8/18); type Ⅲ, 16.7% (3/18). Complete healing was achieved in 5 patients treated with jaw segmental osteo-tomy. Moreover, 2 cases with type Ⅰ, 1 case with type Ⅱ, and 1 with type Ⅲ completely healed after jaw curettage, while 5 cases with type Ⅰ, 7 cases with type Ⅱ, and 2 cases with type Ⅲ experienced recurrence after surgery. Conclusion: Pathological features of continuous regions of inflammation, sclerosis, and bone remodeling layer were identified from shallow to deep, based on the microscopic observation of jaw segmental osteotomy samples. Insufficient removal of the sclerotic region during jaw curettage that blocks the required blood, nutritional factors, and mesenchymal stem cells seems to be a common cause for failed treatment of MRONJ after curettage surgery.