目的: 探讨人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)提高放射科住院医生对外伤性肋骨骨折病灶检出率和不同阅片者之间检出一致性的价值。方法: 回顾性收集来自吉林大学中日联谊医院(单位02)和上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院(单位03)的393例急诊胸部外伤患者胸部CT图像，三位影像学专家的阅片结果作为评估的参考标准。所有图像分配到三个单位：北京大学第一医院(单位01)、单位02和单位03，并随机分为A组和B组(A组包括197例患者，B组包括196例患者)。每个单位各由一位低年资放射科住院医生对每组数据进行肋骨骨折检出的试验阅片，试验阅片时每位医生针对同一组数据进行两次阅片，一次为医生独立阅片(简称“医生”)，另一次为医生在AI软件辅助下阅片(简称“医生+AI”)。比较“医生”和“医生+AI”对不同类型(错位型、隐匿型)肋骨骨折病灶的检出率，并评价阅片一致性。结果: “医生+AI”对错位型肋骨骨折和隐匿型肋骨骨折病灶检出率均高于“医生”(94.56% vs. 78.40%, 76.60% vs. 49.42%, P < 0.001)。“医生”阅片的Kappa系数除单位01和单位03之间稍大于0.4(一致性中等)外，单位01和单位02及单位02和单位03均小于0.4(一致性较差)，且Phi系数均小于0.6(中度相关)，而“医生+AI”阅片的Kappa系数和Phi系数均等于或大于0.6(一致性较好，相关较强)。结论: AI软件可自动检出可疑肋骨骨折病灶，帮助提高医生对骨折病灶的检出率，并提高不同阅片者之间的一致性。

Objective: To explore the value of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving the detection rate of traumatic rib fractures by radiologist residents and the consistency among different readers. Methods: Chest CT images of 393 patients with acute trauma from China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University (hospital 02) and Shanghai Ninth People' s Hospital (hospital 03) were collected in this research. The consensus achieved by three radiology experts was regarded as the reference standard. All the images assigned to three hospitals: Peking University First Hospital (hospital 01), hospital 02 and hospital 03, and were then randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B: group A included 197 patients, and group B included 196 patients). Each group was read by one radiologist resident from each hospital for rib fracture detection. Each case was read twice by the same radiologist, with and without the assistance of the AI ["radiologist-only" reading and "radiologist + AI" reading]. The detection rates of different types of rib fractures (displaced fractures and occult fractures) were compared between "radiologist-only" reading and "radiologist + AI" reading. The consistencies of different radiologists with different reading methods were evaluated. Results: The detection rates of displaced rib fractures and occult rib fractures by "radiologist + AI" reading were significantly higher than those read by "radiologist-only" reading (94.56% vs. 78.40%, 76.60% vs. 49.42%, P < 0.001). For "radiologist-only reading", the Kappa coefficients of the radiologists between hospital 01 and hospital 03 were slightly greater than 0.4 (indicating moderate consistency), the coefficients of the radiologists between hospital 01/hospital 02 and hospital 02/hospital 03 were less than 0.4 (indicating poor consistency). The Phi coefficients of the radiologists among different hospitals were all less than 0.6 (indicating moderate correlation). With "radiologist + AI" reading, the Kappa and Phi coefficient among the radiologists in dif-ferent hospitals were greater than or equal to 0.6 (indicating good consistency and correlation). Conclusion: AI software can be used to automatically detect suspected rib fracture lesions, which helps to improve the detection rate of fracture lesions and the consistency among different readers.