目的: 探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜下颊黏膜补片输尿管成形术治疗复杂输尿管上段、长段狭窄的可行性、安全性及有效性。方法: 收集2022年7月至2023年1月于北京大学第一医院泌尿外科和北京市健宫医院泌尿外科收治的20例行机器人辅助腹腔镜下颊黏膜补片输尿管成形术治疗输尿管上段狭窄患者的临床资料，记录并分析术中情况、术后并发症及随访资料。结果: 本研究包含14例男性和6例女性，平均年龄(41±11)岁(范围19~60岁)，平均体重指数(24.3±3.6) kg/m² (范围18.2~31.8 kg/m²)。左侧9例，右侧11例，所有患者的狭窄部位均位于输尿管上段(包含肾盂-输尿管连接部)。平均术前血肌酐(92.2±23.3) μmol/L (范围49.2~138.9 μmol/L)，平均输尿管狭窄长度为(2.8±0.9) cm (范围1.0~4.0 cm)。20例患者中10例患者既往接受过失败的重建手术，12例患者术中接受了输尿管后壁加强吻合。平均获取颊黏膜补片长度为(3.1±0.6) cm (范围2.0~4.3 cm)，中位宽度为1.5 cm (范围1.0~2.0 cm)。中位手术时长154 min (范围113~300 min)，中位术中估计出血量45 mL (范围0~100 mL)。中位术后住院日为4 d (范围4~14 d)。平均术后随访时间(15.0±1.7) 月(范围12.5~17.9月)，手术成功率为100.0%。术后11例患者报告了颊黏膜取材部位的轻度不适，2例患者术后出现泌尿系感染，其他7例没有报告术后并发症。术后6个月复查血肌酐，为(90.9±23.9) μmol/L (范围60.0~153.0 μmol/L)。结论: 机器人辅助腹腔镜下颊黏膜补片输尿管成形术治疗复杂输尿管上段、长段狭窄疗效满意，无严重并发症发生，具有较好的可行性、安全性和有效性，但需大样本研究及长时间随访评估其远期疗效。

Objective: To investigate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of robot-assisted laparoscopic buccal mucosa graft ureteroplasty in the treatment of complex long proximal ureteral stricture. Methods: The clinical data of 20 patients with proximal ureteral stricture undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic buccal mucosa graft ureteroplasty admitted to the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Beijing Jiangong Hospital from July 2022 to January 2023 were prospectively collected and analyzed. Intraoperative conditions, postoperative complications and follow-up data were also recorded and analyzed. Results: The operations under robot-assisted laparoscopy were performed successfully in all the 20 patients without conversion to traditional laparoscopic surgery or open surgery. The study included 14 males and 6 females with a mean age of (41±11) years (range: 19 to 60 years) and a mean body mass index of (24.3±3.6) kg/m² (range: 18.2 to 31.8 kg/m²). There were 9 cases on the left side and 11 cases on the right side. The strictures of all the patients were located in the proximal segment of the ureter (including the ureteropelvic junction). The mean preoperative serum creatinine was (92.2±23.3) μmol/L (range: 49.2 to 138.9 μmol/L), and the mean length of ureteral stricture was (2.8±0.9) cm (range: 1.0 to 4.0 cm). Ten patients had previously undergone unsuccessful reconstructive surgery. During the operation, 12 patients received posteriorly augmented anastomosis with ventral onlay. The mean length of the buccal mucosa graft harvested during the operation was (3.1±0.6) cm (range: 2.0 to 4.3 cm), and the median width was 1.5 cm (range: 1.0 to 2.0 cm). The omentum flap was used to wrap the reconstructed ureteral segment in all the 20 cases. The median operative time was 154 min (range: 113 to 300 min), and the median estimated blood loss was 45 mL (range: 0 to 100 mL). The median postoperative hospital stay was 4 d (range: 4 to 14 d). The mean postoperative follow-up time was (15.0±1.7) months (range: 12.5 to 17.9 months), and the surgical success rate was 100.0% in this study. After surgery, 11 patients reported mild discomfort at the oral donor site, 2 patients deve-loped urinary tract infection, and no postoperative complications were reported in the other 7 patients. The mean serum creatinine was (90.9±23.9) μmol/L (range: 60.0 to 153.0 μmol/L) six months after surgery. Conclusion: Robot-assisted laparoscopic buccal mucosa graft ureteroplasty for the treatment of complex long proximal ureteral stricture has satisfactory efficacy without severe complications, which has shown good feasibility, safety and effectiveness. However, large sample studies and long-term follow-up are still needed to evaluate its long-term efficacy.