目的: 分析口腔急诊出血患者的临床特征及危险因素。方法: 对北京大学口腔医院急诊科2019年1月至2022年12月期间收治的口腔出血患者进行回顾性研究，分析止血方法、就诊次数与患者性别、年龄、全身状况和出血原因等因素的关联性。结果: 共纳入口腔出血患者4 764人次，其中男性2 660人次(55.84%)，女性2 104人次(44.16%)，平均年龄40.7岁。口腔出血最常见的原因是拔牙术后出血(3 080例，64.65%)，其次为牙龈出血(1 386例，29.09%)、门诊手术术后出血(194例，4.07%)、颌面部肿物出血(33例，0.69%)、住院手术术后出血(24例，0.50%)、其他原因出血(47例，0.99%)。使用简单方法止血1 867例(39.19%)，使用复杂方法止血2 897例(60.81%)，其中碘条填塞及加压缝合是最常使用的止血方法。Logistic回归分析显示，男性患者较女性患者使用复杂止血方法的比例更高，牙龈出血通常使用简单方法止血，拔牙术后出血通常采用复杂方法止血。患有高血压、凝血功能障碍的人群更易因出血问题多次就诊，性别及年龄不影响患者的就诊次数。结论: 急诊就诊的口腔出血常见原因是拔牙术后出血及牙龈出血，临床上大多数患者通过压迫止血、加压缝合和填塞碘条可有效止血，部分严重出血的患者需进一步处理；少数的出血患者可诱发全身并发症，临床医生应充分重视。

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with oral bleeding. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on patients with oral bleeding in the Department of Oral Emergency in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2019 to December 2022. The distribution of the patients ' gender, age, cause of bleeding, systemic condition, treatment methods and risk factors of hemostasis methods, and number of visits were analyzed. Results: A total of 4 764 patients with oral bleeding were enrolled, including 2 660 males (55.84%) and 2 104 females (44.16%), with an average age of 40.7 years. The most common causes of oral bleeding were bleeding after tooth extraction (3 080 cases, 64.65%), followed by gingival bleeding (1 386 cases, 29.09%), bleeding after outpatient surgery (194 cases, 4.07%), maxillofacial mass bleeding (33 cases, 0.69%), postoperative bleeding of inpatient (24 cases, 0.50%), and bleeding from other causes (47 cases, 0.99%). Simple hemostatic methods were applied in 1 867 cases (39.19%) while 2 897 cases (60.81%) used complex methods, among which iodine strip tamponade and suture were the most commonly used methods of hemostasis. Logistic regression analysis showed that the male patients had a higher proportion of complex methods than the female patients; gingival bleeding were often stopped by simple hemostatic methods while complex methods were more likely to be applied in the patients with bleeding after tooth extraction. The patients with hypertension and coagulation disorders were more likely to visit the hospital for repeated bleeding. Gender and age did not affect the number of visits. Conclusion: Oral bleeding was one of the common diseases in oral emergency. The common causes were bleeding after tooth extraction and gingival bleeding. Most patients could be treated by compression, local suture and packing of iodine strips while some cases with severe bleeding needed further treatment to stop bleeding. A minority of patients with oral bleeding could induce systemic complications, which should be paid full attention by clinicians.