1 资料与方法
1.1 研究对象
1.2 资料收集
1.3 统计学分析
2 结果
2.1 一般情况
表1 调查对象的一般情况(n=448)Table 1 General information of the respondents (n=448) |
| Variables | n | Proportion/% |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 217 | 48.4 |
| Female | 231 | 51.6 |
| Age group/years | ||
| < 20 | 6 | 1.3 |
| 20- | 210 | 46.9 |
| 30- | 113 | 25.2 |
| 40- | 78 | 17.4 |
| ≥50 | 41 | 9.2 |
| Career | ||
| Securities | 31 | 6.9 |
| Bank | 14 | 3.1 |
| Hospital | 115 | 25.7 |
| College/Research institution | 101 | 22.5 |
| Public/Government institution | 87 | 19.4 |
| Company | 84 | 18.8 |
| Other | 16 | 3.6 |
| BMI | ||
| Underweight | 42 | 9.4 |
| Normal weight | 283 | 63.2 |
| Overweight | 100 | 22.3 |
| Obesity | 23 | 5.1 |
| Education | ||
| High school and below | 17 | 3.8 |
| Junior college | 58 | 13.0 |
| College | 286 | 63.8 |
| Postgraduate and above | 87 | 19.4 |
| Monthly income/yuan | ||
| ≤5 000 | 118 | 26.3 |
| 5 001-7 000 | 98 | 21.9 |
| 7 001-8 000 | 50 | 11.2 |
| 8 001-10 000 | 52 | 11.6 |
| >10 000 | 130 | 29.0 |
BMI, body mass index. |
2.2 不同人口学特征下视疲劳及干眼的患病情况
表2 不同人口学特征下视疲劳及干眼的患病率Table 2 The prevalence of asthenopia and dry eye under different demographic characteristics |
| Demographic factors | Total | Asthenopia, n (%) | Dry eye, n (%) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 217 | 104 (47.9) | 84 (38.7) |
| Female | 231 | 131 (56.7) | 81 (35.1) |
| χ2 | 3.461 | 0.639 | |
| P value | 0.063 | 0.424 | |
| Age group/years | |||
| < 20 | 6 | 5 (83.3) | 3 (50.0) |
| 20- | 210 | 104 (49.5) | 87 (41.4) |
| 30- | 113 | 57 (50.4) | 34 (30.1) |
| 40- | 78 | 45 (57.7) | 26 (33.3) |
| ≥50 | 41 | 24 (58.5) | 15 (36.6) |
| χ2 | 4.667 | 4.974 | |
| P value | 0.323 | 0.290 | |
| BMI | |||
| Underweight | 42 | 20 (47.6) | 18 (42.9) |
| Normal weight | 283 | 150 (53.0) | 115 (40.6) |
| Overweight | 100 | 54 (54.0) | 28 (28.0) |
| Obesity | 23 | 11 (47.8) | 4 (17.4) |
| χ2 | 0.721 | 9.505 | |
| P value | 0.868 | 0.023* | |
| Types of employing organizations | |||
| Securities | 31 | 7 (22.6) | 6 (19.4) |
| Bank | 14 | 7 (50.0) | 7 (50.0) |
| Hospital | 115 | 59 (51.3) | 42 (36.5) |
| College/Research institution | 101 | 53 (52.5) | 45 (44.6) |
| Public/Government institution | 87 | 48 (55.2) | 30 (34.5) |
| Company | 84 | 50 (59.5) | 30 (35.7) |
| Other | 16 | 11 (68.8) | 5 (31.3) |
| χ2 | 14.832 | 8.173 | |
| P value | 0.022* | 0.226 | |
| Length of service in VDT work/years | |||
| < 5 | 234 | 116 (49.6) | 73 (31.2) |
| 5- | 69 | 33 (47.8) | 18 (26.1) |
| 10- | 101 | 60 (59.4) | 29 (28.7) |
| ≥20 | 44 | 26 (59.1) | 17 (38.6) |
| χ2 | 4.106 | 2.209 | |
| P value | 0.250 | 0.530 |
* stands for statistic significance. BMI, body mass index; VDT, visual display terminal. |
2.3 视疲劳的危险因素
表3 视疲劳的危险因素Table 3 Risk factors of asthenopia |
| Variables | B | SE | Wald χ2 | P value | OR (95%CI) |
| Types of employing organizations | |||||
| Securities | Reference | ||||
| Bank | 2.621 | 0.941 | 7.758 | 0.005 | 13.751 (2.174-86.964) |
| Hospital | 1.457 | 0.603 | 5.844 | 0.016 | 4.291 (1.317-13.980) |
| College/Research institution | 1.211 | 0.608 | 3.972 | 0.046 | 3.356 (1.020-11.042) |
| Public/Government institution | 1.899 | 0.635 | 8.947 | 0.003 | 6.682 (1.925-23.197) |
| Company | 2.318 | 0.644 | 12.941 | < 0.001 | 10.158 (2.873-35.923) |
| Other | 2.648 | 0.878 | 9.100 | 0.003 | 14.119 (2.528-78.860) |
| Length of service in VDT work (by month) | 0.006 | 0.001 | 13.617 | < 0.001 | 1.006 (1.003-1.008) |
| Duration of VDT after working hours (by minute) | 0.002 | 0.001 | 4.605 | 0.032 | 1.002 (1.000-1.004) |
| Monitor brightness | |||||
| Suitable | Reference | ||||
| Too bright | 1.056 | 0.461 | 5.250 | 0.022 | 2.875 (1.165-7.094) |
| Frequent head-down postures (over 4 times per minute) | 0.386 | 0.111 | 12.175 | < 0.001 | 1.471 (1.184-1.828) |
| Completion of conflicting tasks | 0.297 | 0.125 | 5.657 | 0.017 | 1.346 (1.054-1.721) |
| Utilizing special talents | -0.256 | 0.129 | 3.962 | 0.047 | 0.774 (0.602-0.996) |
| Glare | 0.406 | 0.195 | 4.307 | 0.038 | 1.500 (1.023-2.200) |
| Noise | 0.461 | 0.184 | 6.287 | 0.012 | 1.586 (1.106-2.275) |
| Myopia | 1.413 | 0.388 | 13.268 | < 0.001 | 4.107 (1.920-8.783) |
| Astigmatism | 0.686 | 0.291 | 5.547 | 0.019 | 1.986 (1.122-3.517) |
| Glasses | |||||
| No glasses | Reference | ||||
| Frame glasses | -0.794 | 0.380 | 4.364 | 0.037 | 0.452 (0.215-0.952) |
| Eye drops using | 1.566 | 0.339 | 21.322 | < 0.001 | 4.787 (2.463-9.306) |
| WMSDs | 1.474 | 0.248 | 35.360 | < 0.001 | 4.366 (2.686-7.098) |
VDT, visual display terminal; WMSDs, work-related musculoskeletal disorders. |
2.4 干眼的危险因素
表4 干眼的危险因素Table 4 Risk factors of dry eye |
| Variables | B | SE | Wald χ2 | P value | OR (95%CI) |
| BMI | |||||
| Normal weight | Reference | ||||
| Overweight | -0.804 | 0.291 | 7.615 | 0.006 | 0.448 (0.253-0.792) |
| Obesity | -1.479 | 0.688 | 4.616 | 0.032 | 0.228 (0.059-0.878) |
| Smoking | |||||
| No smoking | Reference | ||||
| Quitting smoking | 1.314 | 0.428 | 9.419 | 0.002 | 3.722 (1.608-8.614) |
| Monthly income | -0.151 | 0.076 | 3.996 | 0.046 | 0.860 (0.741-0.997) |
| Duration of computer during working hours (by minute) | -0.005 | 0.001 | 16.662 | < 0.001 | 0.995 (0.993-0.998) |
| Work shifts | |||||
| Day shifts | Reference | ||||
| Swing shifts | 1.852 | 0.686 | 7.293 | 0.007 | 6.370 (1.662-24.421) |
| Frequent head-turning postures (over 4 times per minute) | 0.318 | 0.114 | 7.804 | 0.005 | 1.374 (1.100-1.718) |
| Glare | 0.787 | 0.178 | 19.553 | < 0.001 | 2.198 (1.550-3.115) |
| Eye drops using | 0.645 | 0.295 | 4.765 | 0.029 | 1.905 (1.068-3.399) |
| WMSDs | 0.800 | 0.237 | 11.417 | 0.001 | 2.226 (1.400-3.542) |
BMI, body mass index; WMSDs, work-related musculoskeletal disorders. |
